河北省干旱化初探

利用水文气象等环境资料,分析近50年来河北省干旱化特点及发展趋势。结果表明,该省气温显著升高,降水持续减少,湖淀干涸,湿地严重萎缩,河道断流,人海水量急剧减少,地下水环境由丰水区变成了特大超采区,草场面积减少,土地沙化面积扩大,区域环境干旱化形势非常严峻。气候变化和超负荷的水资源开发利用可能是河北地区干旱化的两个主要原因。     

A Preliminary Application of the Differential Evolution Algorithm to Calculate the CNOP

A projected skill is adopted by use of the differential evolution （DE） algorithm to calculate a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP）. The CNOP is the maximal value of a constrained optimization problem with a constraint condition, such as a ball constraint. The success of the DE algorithm lies in its ability to handle a non-differentiable and nonlinear cost function. In this study, the DE algorithm and the traditional optimization algorithms used to obtain the CNOPs are compared by analyzing a theoretical grassland ecosystem model and a dynamic global vegetation model. This study shows that the CNOPs generated by the DE algorithm are similar to those by the sequential quadratic programming （SQP） algorithm and the spectral projected gradients （SPG2） algorithm. If the cost function is non-differentiable, the CNOPs could also be caught with the DE algorithm. The numerical results suggest the DE algorithm can be employed to calculate the CNOP, especially when the cost function is non-differentiable.     

汛限水位动态控制方法在碧流河水库的应用分析

"碧流河水库汛限水位设计与运用研究"成果于2004年经水利部松辽委批复,正式投入运行.在2005～2008年的洪水调度中,在利用气象部门短期降雨预报成果的前提下,采用预蓄预泄动态控制方法对实时洪水进行调节.分析结果表明,在不增加水库运行风险的前提下,应用汛限水位动态控制方法,能增加水库蓄水,效益显著.     

浅析大吨位、超长孔深锚索钻孔孔斜控制

在大吨位、超长孔深锚索支护施工中,钻孔孔斜控制对预应力锚索锚固效果有着较大的影响,在分析了造孔孔斜成因的基础上提出了大孔深锚索钻孔孔斜的预防和控制处理措施。     

鄂西地区牛蹄塘组钼钒矿地质特征及找矿远景探讨

寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系广泛分布于鄂西地区,层内现已发现众多的钼钒矿床(点),其形成条件具有热水沉积与正常海相沉积双重特征,成矿系统总体上处在海侵体系域陆棚盆地还原沉积环境,期间由区域性断裂构造的热水喷流提供多种金属元素来源,经炭质、粘土矿物吸附作用沉积成矿,其中Ni、Mo与喷流作用最为密切,钒与生物化学作用密切,具有较好的找矿远景。     

一次中尺度雷暴大风过程的闪电特征分析

2005年6月21日山东北部出现了一次中尺度对流系统,并伴有地面灾害性大风。作者综合闪电定位资料、雷达和卫星资料详细分析了这次中尺度对流系统的闪电活动特征,结果表明,在系统初始发展阶段地闪频数快速增加.成熟阶段地闪频数一直较高,且都在20次/5 min以上,在减弱消散阶段,正地闪比例超过负地闪。负地闪多发生在对流降水区,而正地闪则对应于稳定的层状云降水区。逐小时地闪次数峰值滞后于云顶最低温度峰值,小于-50℃的冷云覆盖面积峰值滞后于地闪次数峰值。这次地面大风主要是较强下沉气流底部外流造成的,利用WINDEX计算的地面最大风速潜势与观测的阵风值非常接近。地面大风阶段对应着剧烈的闪电活动,地闪频数的跃增略提前于地面强风发生时间,这对灾害性天气过程的监测预警具有一定的参考价值。     

Correlation between high-resolution climate records from a Nanjing stalagmite and GRIP ice core during the last glaciation

A 400-mm-long stalagmite from Tangshan Cave, Nanjing has been analyzed by a high-precision TIMS-U series dating method and also determined for oxygen and carbon stable isotopic compositions. The results provided a high-resolution paleoclimate record for eastern China during a time interval (from 54 000 to 19 000 aBP) of the last glaciation. The continuous record of oxygen-18 variations in the stalagmite, indicating a precipitation history of the East Asian monsoon, shows not only signals of the Heinrich events, but also the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles which are first found in the last glacial climate record of the East Asian monsoon area. Although the stalagmite-based climatic signals match well with the GRIP ice core record, some differences between the two records can be recognized: (1) The last glacial climate changes in eastern China exhibited a long-term remarkably cooling trend, superimposed on which were four successive Bond’s cycles illustrated by the δ¹⁸O curve. This strong cooling tendency may be an effect of the strong summer monsoon event during the MIS 3 over the Tibetan Plateau. (2) There exist some phase differences of 1000–2000 years between the cooling events in the stalagmite-based climate signal and the GRIP ice core record. Such differences should be further verified by calibrations of multiple dating methods     

长江三峡地区盐关微地震群的成因机制

盐关微地震群的活动局限在矿区内,地震都是微震和极微震。地震分两种类型:一种是微震活动,初动呈象限分布的双力偶滑动型震源机制,S波能量高于P波能量。另一种是极微震,初动几乎全负,P波能量高于S波能量,呈非双力偶的张破裂向内爆炸型的震源机制。两种地震的成因都是采矿诱发地震,不能做为仙女山断层向北延伸的证据     

公路建设中的环境地质灾害及防治对策

文章论述了公路建设中的环境地质灾害问题，并提出了相应的工程对策，对在建和拟建道路工程及环保工作具有指导和参考意义。     

基于经验模态分解的形变信号滤波处理与异常提取

本文介绍了经验模态分解的方法与原理,给出了由经验模态分解产生的固有模态函数重构组合滤波器的原理与详细算法。通过对形变观测中典型干扰信号的综合处理、异常提取试验及其所取得的效果,综合分析认为,经验模态分解组合滤波器方法可作为形变观测数据处理中一种新的行之有效的分析方法。