钙同位素地球化学研究新进展及其在碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐研究中的应用

作为"非传统稳定同位素"家族成员,钙同位素正受到国际地学界日益广泛的关注。钙是主要的造岩元素,也是生物必需的元素。钙在地球各圈层广泛分布,研究钙同位素的地球化学行为将有助于提高我们对各种生物过程和地质过程的认识。钙同位素测定主要采用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS),分别表示为δ^44/40Ca和δ^44/42Ca。目前自然界可观测到的δ^44/40Ca变化范围为-2.0‰～6.75‰,约8.7‰。本文系统介绍了近年来钙同位素分析中样品溶解、化学分离、质谱测定以及高温地质过程中的钙同位素分馏及其地质应用等方面的研究成果,尤其对钙同位素在碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩研究中的意义、钙同位素组成以及取得的主要认识作了较为全面的介绍。阐述了放射成因⁴⁰Ca、部分熔融作用/分离结晶作用、地壳同化作用、古俯冲碳酸盐循环、热液蚀变作用、岩浆起源深度等对碳酸岩、硅酸盐岩的钙同位素组成造成的影响。最后,通过系统对比碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩的锂、镁、钙同位素研究成果,认为应该开展多元同位素体系的...     

基于环境DNA技术的舟山南部海域鱼类资源状况和多样性分析

为完善舟山南部海域鱼类种类组成及结构特征,文章使用环境DNA技术对该海域鱼类多样性进行检测。通过采集水样、过滤、提取环境DNA、PCR扩增、测序,在该海域6个站位中获得8个环境DNA样品,共检测到9种舟山海域常见鱼类。其中,软骨鱼纲1种,辐鳍鱼纲8种,龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)为优势种。研究结果表明,虽然环境DNA技术无法完全替代传统的鱼类资源调查方法,但是可以作为鱼类资源调查和空间分布的补充手段,与底拖网数据结合,为舟山南部海域鱼类组成和群落结构季节性变化提供依据。     

Comparison of soil moisture products from microwave remote sensing,land model,and reanalysis using global ground observations

High-quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (C- and X-bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA-Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA-Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR-E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA-Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR-E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR-E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA-Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high-quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products.     

紫苏花岗岩与宝石矿物的成因

引言斯里兰卡的宝石沉积矿床闻名于世,矿床中所含的宝石矿物以刚玉、金绿宝石、尖晶石、石榴石、绿柱石、电气石、黄玉和锆石为主。虽然人们对这些宝石沉积矿床的矿物学非常熟悉,但是由于对它们的地球化学研究工作做得很少,因此对这些矿物的源岩和成因尚不清楚。Munasinghe和Dissanayake曾对斯里兰卡的宝石成因做过研究,研究表明宝石矿物是经脱硅作用形成的,脱硅作用是紫苏花岗岩和其他基性岩(如富透辉石的岩墙和岩床)侵入到铅质变质沉积岩中的接触变质作用引起的。本文通过更详细的调查研究,论述了紫苏花岗岩在高级变质地体的宝石形成过程中所起的作用。     

紫阳县城滑坡监测及变形规律分析

本文介绍了紫阳县城滑坡监测工作的技术方案及数据处理方法和结果。通过各种方案的对比分析．对监测网的各种技术方案的选取提供了依据．文中所提出的依据稳健估计原理、利用Ｓ变换解决参考基准的定位问题．是基准网非稳定情况下进行监测数据处理的成功方法，颇有借鉴意义。     

STUDY ON THE FORECAST METHOD FOR THE IMPACT OF CROSSWAY ON TIDAL CURRENT FIELD IN SEA AREA

This paper's method simulates the tidal current field near piles to derive and predict the scale oftheir impacts on the tidal current field, and presents the empirically obtained damp coefficient needed inpedicting the current field. The substituted plans used in the prediction are studied using Qingdao.Crossway as an example.     

On long-wave breaking I. Consideringnth power bottom friction

Longwave breaking is the agent for many important upper ocean layer processes including the transfer of horizontal momentum. In a previous study on the process of longwave breaking, only linear bottom friction was considered. In this paper, we discuss the longwave breaking phenomena in the more general case ofnth power bottom friction. Using the theory of blowup of solution, the criterion for the time and location of the longwave breaking can be obtained. Contribution No. 2559 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This project was supported by NSFC (No. 49376254).     

我省城市水资源紧缺问题及其对策探讨

解决我省城市水资源紧缺问题有以下对策：①建立水资源管理模型，实施最优化开采方案；②防治水污染，实行废水资源化，对城市工业废水净化处理再利用；③实行地表水地下水相互调剂；④拦蓄降水和地表弃水，开发人工补给，建立地下水库；⑤建立节水型社会生产体系。     

亚热带山区泥石流的形成过程

本文应用地貌学、水文学等方法进行了泥石流源地分类,阐述了各类源地泥石流形成过程,分析了各类源地的地貌演变对泥石流形成过程的影响。     

EFFECTS OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHITOSAN (LMC-1) ON SHRIMP PRESERVATION

This study on the effects of low molecular weight chitosan (LMC- 1) and shrimp preserving agentssuch as phytic acid (PA), sodium bisulfite (SB), and crustacean preservative (CP) on the preservation ofshrimp (Trachypenaeus curvirostris) and the bacteriostasis of LMC-1 showed that: (1) Different LMC-1conontration has different bacteriostasis on E. coIi, B. subtilis and S. aureou: (2) LMC-1 and CP arebetter than PA and SB for preserving the freshness of shrimp stored at 4℃.