针对MODIS数据的大气水汽含量反演及31和32波段透过率计算

 针对MODIS的波段特征,首先,用近红外波段反演大气水汽含量; 然后,通过LOWTRAN模拟大气水汽含量与MODIS 31和32热红 外波段透过率的统计关系; 最后,计算31和32波段的透过率。该方法克服了以往一景图像只用1个透过率的局限性,使得透过率的求 算精确到每1个像元,同时保证参数获取的实时性。     

云南省煤层气资源勘探开发对外合作

滇东地区有较丰富的煤炭和煤层气资源。中美合作项目"云南恩洪和老厂地区煤层气资源开采对外合作",属我国煤层气勘探开发对外合作项目之一。开展二年来,取得丰硕成果。本文介绍我省的煤层气资源,我国煤层气开发鼓励政策及相关法规,我国煤层气对外合作的基本原则和合作模式,我省煤层气勘探开发合作项目的进展及取得的成果。     

The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on the CNOP and on Its Identified Sensitive Areas for Tropical Cyclone Predictions

In this study,the impacts of horizontal resolution on the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) and on its identified sensitive areas were investigated for tropical cyclone predictions.Three resolutions,30 km,60 km,and 120 km,were studied for three tropical cyclones,TC Mindulle (2004),TC Meari (2004),and TC Matsa (2005).Results show that CNOP may present different structures with different resolutions,and the major parts of CNOP become increasingly localized with increased horizontal resolution.CNOP produces spiral and baroclinic structures,which partially account for its rapid amplification.The differences in CNOP structures result in different sensitive areas,but there are common areas for the CNOP-identified sensitive areas at various resolutions,and the size of the common areas is different from case to case.Generally,the forecasts benefit more from the reduction of the initial errors in the sensitive areas identified using higher resolutions than those using lower resolutions.However,the largest improvement of the forecast can be obtained at the resolution that is not the highest for some cases.In addition,the sensitive areas identified at lower resolutions are also helpful for improving the forecast with a finer resolution,but the sensitive areas identified at the same resolution as the forecast would be the most beneficial.     

The Roles of Spatial Locations and Patterns of Initial Errors in the Uncertainties of Tropical Cyclone Forecasts

In this study,a series of sensitivity experiments were performed for two tropical cyclones (TCs),TC Longwang (2005) and TC Sinlaku (2008),to explore the roles of locations and patterns of initial errors in uncertainties of TC forecasts.Specifically,three types of initial errors were generated and three types of sensitive areas were determined using conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP),first singular vector (FSV),and composite singular vector (CSV) methods.Additionally,random initial errors in randomly selected areas were considered.Based on these four types of initial errors and areas,we designed and performed 16 experiments to investigate the impacts of locations and patterns of initial errors on the nonlinear developments of the errors,and to determine which type of initial errors and areas has the greatest impact on TC forecasts.Overall,results from the experiments indicate the following:(1) The impact of random errors introduced into the sensitive areas was greater than that of errors themselves fixed in the randomly selected areas.From the perspective of statistical analysis,and by comparison,the impact of random errors introduced into the CNOP target area was greatest.(2) The initial errors with CNOP,CSV,or FSV patterns were likely to grow faster than random errors.(3) The initial errors with CNOP patterns in the CNOP target areas had the greatest impacts on the final verification forecasts.     

基于AE和GDI＋的城市管线断面图绘制

根据城市地下管网断面数据结构的特点,详细论述了管网断面数据的获取和处理,并在此基础上利用VB．NET、ArcGISEngine组件和GDI＋接口,编程实现了管网任意横断面和纵断面的自动绘制。实际应用表明,该模块能取得较好的效果。     

基于Erdas Image 9.2 LPS区域网平差处理Spot5卫星影像实现方法

介绍基于LPS的正射影像处理流程,以图文的形式描述区域网平差处理Spot-5卫星影像的具体过程,最后得到正射纠正影像,用于1∶50 000DOM生产。     

高原东侧特大暴雨过程中秦岭山脉的作用

利用中尺度数值模式MM5V3.5对2002年6月8～9日陕西特大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟, 在模拟结果和实况较吻合的情况下, 通过敏感性试验, 研究了秦岭山脉在这次暴雨过程中所起的作用。结果表明, 秦岭山脉在这次暴雨过程中对降水的强度有很大的影响, 即秦岭山脉使陕甘宁边界的长城沿线、 秦岭山脉、 汉江河谷一带降水量增加, 使关中盆地、 陕北南部、 大巴山东南坡降水量减少。进一步研究表明, 秦岭山脉主要是通过形成局地环流, 使气流产生辐合, 大量的水汽和位势不稳定能量在迎风坡堆积, 上升运动加强, 从而使位势不稳定能量得以释放, 触发了对流降水。     

Algorithm Studies on How to Obtain a Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation (CNOP)

The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), which is a nonlinear generalization of the linear singular vector (LSV), is applied in important problems of atmospheric and oceanic sciences, including ENSO predictability, targeted observations, and ensemble forecast. In this study, we investigate the computational cost of obtaining the CNOP by several methods. Differences and similarities, in terms of the computational error and cost in obtaining the CNOP, are compared among the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm, the limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm, and the spectral projected gradients (SPG2) algorithm. A theoretical grassland ecosystem model and the classical Lorenz model are used as examples. Numerical results demonstrate that the computational error is acceptable with all three algorithms. The computational cost to obtain the CNOP is reduced by using the SQP algorithm. The experimental results also reveal that the L-BFGS algorithm is the most effective algorithm among the three optimization algorithms for obtaining the CNOP. The numerical results suggest a new approach and algorithm for obtaining the CNOP for a large-scale optimization problem.     

一次强风切变过程的分析及成因讨论

2006年6月21日09:04南京禄口机场监测到较强风切变。龙王山(南京)多普勒天气雷达观测图上显示,此时恰有一直径为50 km的对流云团自西向东经过禄口机场。南京市地面自动气象站的观测也表明,此时在南京地区近地层气流出现急剧变化。利用多普勒天气雷达资料对风暴进行立体结构分析,并结合地面自动气象站资料分析得知,这次过程在3 km以下的低层有水平方向的风切变,在1 km高度处有垂直方向的风切变。从多普勒天气雷达的垂直积分液态含水量产品能够更直接地看到对流云团的发展过程,这有助于预报风切变发生的位置。这次雷暴系统中宏下击暴流引起的高空气流下沉,至地面后向两侧辐散,造成水平方向及垂直方向都有强风切变存在。     

冬季影响北疆高速公路行车安全的气象要素特征分析

利用1961—2007年长达47a高速、高等级公路沿线气象站的资料,重点研究北疆高速、高等级公路沿线冬季影响车辆安全行驶的气象要素的气候特征,分析该路段降雪、积雪、结冰、冻雨等气象要素的时间和空间分布,并依据气候分布特点从气候的角度将北疆高速、高等级公路沿线路段按降雪、积雪、结冰、冻雨等对行车安全影响程度划分为极易打滑路段、较易打滑路段、易打滑路段和不易打滑路段,为公路管理部门提供科学的、合理的防御和减少冬季交通事故的理论依据。