有限元素法全倾角波动方程偏移

本文试图从两个方面提高波动方程偏移的效果:1.使用全方向波动方程进行偏移,使之适用于任意倾角界面的反射;2.使用有限元素法提高微分方程数值解法的精度。     

Occurrence of Highly Mature Organic Matter in Marine Black Shale Petroleum Source Rocks of Basal Cambrian from Northern Tarim Basin, China

More and more evidence indicates that organic matter (OM) in immature organicrich sediments and sedimentary rocks is chemically adsorbed onto the outer surfaces of minerals and into interlayer (inner) surfaces of smectitic clay minerals in the form of amorphous molecular-scale carbon. But there have been few reports about the occurrence of highly mature OM in marine black shales ( petroleum source rocks ). The occurrence of highly mature OM in the black shales of basal Cambrian from northern Tarim Basin is studied in this paper. Based on the comprehensive analyses of total organic carbon contents (TOC) , maximum thermolysis tempera tures ( Tmax ) of OM, mineral surface areas (MSA) ,and scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopic (TEM) observations of the black shales, it is concluded that the highly mature OM in the marine black shales of the basal Cambrian from northern Tarim Basin occurs in particulates ranging in size from 1 to 5 μm in diameter. Through the contrast of the occurrence of the highly mature OM in the black shales with that of the immature ones in modern marine continental margin sediments, some scientific problems are proposed, which are worth to study further in detail.     

张宣隆起核部的转枝莲辉石闪长岩

位于冀西北张家口-宣化地区的转枝莲辉石闪长岩侵入水泉沟正长岩杂岩体中。该岩石由紫苏辉石、次透辉石、黑云母、中长石、正长石以及磷灰石、钛铁矿等副矿物组成。全岩分析结果SiO253％～59％。本文根据上述两点将其命名为辉石闪长岩。通过岩石成因、稀土元素分布模式和岩石的Sr-Nd同位素组成研究，认为岩体是上地幔和下地壳物质部分熔融的产物。辉石闪长岩的Rh-Sr等时线年龄为143Ma。     

Re-Os and Nd isotopes of black shales at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian from the northern Tarim Platform and their comparison with those from the Yangtze Platform

This paper reports Re-Os and Nd isotopes of black shales at the bottom of Lower Cambrian from the northern Tarim Basin and traces source materials of the black shales through isotopes. The average Re/Os, 187Re/188Os, and 187Os/188Os ratios of the black shales at the bottom of Lower Cambrian from the Tarim Basin are 7.18, 5.6438, and 1.9616, respectively. These isotopic ratios suggest the crustal sources of the black shales. The εNd(0) value is -13.17, the εNd(540 Ma) value is -7.32 and the Nd model ages are 1.535 Ga. These parameters in the black shales are quite consistent with those from the basement rocks. Based on the Re-Os and Nd isotopic characteristics of the black shales, we conclude that the continental crust mainly composed of basement rocks is the source material of the black shales. Through comparison of these isotopic parameters with those from the Yangtze Platform, it is clear that the Re-Os isotopic characteristics in the black shales from the Tarim and Yangtze platforms are quite different, which maybe indicates the differences in depositional settings between two platforms. These Re-Os isotopic data provide us with constraints to analyze the genetic relation between the two platforms.     

虚拟城市中地物数据三角剖分的探讨与实现

在构建虚拟城市时,对用户采集的矢量地物数据进行Delauney三角剖分,并以VisualC 得以实现,在建成的“虚拟小区”三维视景模型中证明其是有效的。     

柴达木盆地西部红狮凹陷第三系下干柴沟组沉积相分析

在层序地层学研究的基础上,对柴达木盆地红狮凹陷第三系下干柴沟组进行了详细的沉积相研究,分析了下干柴沟组发育的冲积扇相、河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、湖泊相、湖底扇相等几种类型沉积相特征。并按识别出的 4个超层序,详细分析了沉积相的平面展布特征。强调了这四个超层序中上升半旋回低水位期湖底扇、辫状河流相砂砾岩和下降半旋回高水位期辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲相砂砾岩是红狮凹陷下干柴沟组有利的储集岩相带。根据生油岩及储油岩叠置组合关系,指出阿拉尔以东方向的辫状河流相和辫状河三角洲相、小红山-阿哈提南东方向的扇三角洲相、狮子沟-干柴沟一带的湖底扇相是红狮凹陷下干柴沟组有利油气聚集区带。     

石灰岩地层机井综合洗井增水技术研究与应用

对于石灰岩地层出水量小于5m^3／h的机井，采取单一的洗井增水方法效果一般不明显。笔者经过多年的研究与应用，提出了先对井孔进行爆破，然后利用盐酸与二氧化碳联合洗井的综合洗井增水技术，则往往能够取得较好的增水效果．一般增水率在60％以上。该项技术为石灰岩山区小水量的机井的开发提供了技术保证，具有广阔的发展应用前景。     

CSAMT与地热勘查

CSAMT(可控源音频大地电磁测深)方法以其探测深度大、分辨能力高等特点广泛应用于地下水资源勘查、金属矿产勘查、石油勘查等领域,可取得常规电法所无法比拟的勘查效果,尤其适用于圈定地下水资源的空间赋存位置、规模、属性、连通性等钻前勘查工作;近年来我院在全国各地所承担的地下水及地热勘查工作,采用CSAMT方法均取得了良好的应用效果;本文从方法的原理特点出发,总结了该方法应用于地热勘查的主导思想及所需注意的问题,最后给出了部分实例以资借鉴.     

对流扩散方程基于局部二次插值特征差分格式的稳定性分析

对于一类基于局部二次插值的特征差分格式,利用冯·诺伊曼方法分析了差分格式的l2稳定性,得到了格式l2稳定的充分必要条件。     

广东现代樟树树轮纤维素的碳同位素与厄尔尼诺事件的关系

本文对广东阳春河的樟树树轮纤维素△δ13C序列研究发现,厄尔尼诺对树轮C同位素的高频变化的影响有一定的滞后性,一般是厄尔尼诺强度高峰期所对应年的下一年树轮△δ13C值较低.通过谱分析发现,树轮记录的△δ13C序列变化中2～3 a周期与热带气候的"准两年振荡"(QBO)十分一致,这从另一个侧面说明了广东樟树树轮记录了大范围的ENSO信息.其中准4.57 a周期可能与影响全球气候异常的厄尔尼诺事件的周期有关,很可能就是厄尔尼诺事件引起的气候变化对树木生长影响的反映.研究表明,广东厄尔尼诺所引起的气候变化,在树轮同位素中有较好的记录.说明在热湿地区,冬季树木仍有同位素分馏,树轮δ13C依然能记录冬季气温和东亚冬季风强弱的变化.