西安地裂缝场地动力响应规律及影响因素分析

在地裂缝密集分布的西安地区,建筑"傍缝而建"的现象非常普遍,地裂缝的存在严重制约了城市建设用地的有效利用和规划。为研究地裂缝对场地动力响应的影响,分析地震动作用下地裂缝场地动力响应规律及其影响范围,以西安地裂缝为研究对象,基于室内振动台试验及FLAC~(3D)数值模拟,分析地裂缝场地动力响应中的加速度幅值动力响应特征。在此基础上,进一步分析不同地震波类型、地裂缝破裂面倾角、地震动强度、地裂缝两侧土层错距对地裂缝场地动力响应的影响。研究表明:地裂缝对场地动力响应影响明显,表现为地裂缝一定范围内峰值加速度呈"带状"分布,即地裂缝处峰值加速度最大,随着距地裂缝越来越远,峰值加速度逐渐减小后趋于稳定,带状分布范围上盘约30 m,下盘约20 m;地裂缝场地动力响应表现出明显的"上盘效应",即上盘峰值加速度略大于下盘;地震动强度对地裂缝场地动力响应影响明显,地裂缝倾角、地裂缝两侧土层错距、地震波对地裂缝场地动力响应均无明显影响     

Late Mesozoic tectonostratigraphic division and correlation of the Bohai Bay basin: Implications for the Yanshanian Orogeny

We present the results of Mesozoic sequences of the Bohai Bay basin in North China, based mainly on geochronology and interpretations of seismic profiles and logging data. Five tectono-stratigraphic sequences are defined: Lower-Middle Triassic, Lower-Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous. Based on an analysis of detrital zircons, the clastic rocks recorded two intervals of Jurassic magmatic activity, during 180–175 and 160–152 Ma, which can be correlated to the Nandaling and Tiaojishan Formations in the Yanshan area, respectively. However, since Jurassic volcanic rocks have not yet been found in the Bohai Bay basin, we speculate that these two stages of activity were mainly concentrated around the periphery of the North China Craton(NCC) rather than within. Based on an analysis of zircons from volcanic rocks and pyroclastics, the early Cretaceous magmatism in the Bohai Bay basin can be divided into two stages, 125–120 and 110–100 Ma,which can be correlated to magmatism in the eastern part of the NCC. The zircon ages indicate an absence of volcanic activity during the late Tuchengzi and Zhangjiakou periods which may correlate to the uplift of the Bohai Bay basin in the late Late Jurassic. Comparison of the development of Mesozoic basins and sedimentary strata in the central-eastern part of Yanshan tectonic belt and the the Bohai Bay basin indicates that the two areas are generally comparable, but with substantial differences.The central-eastern part of the Yanshan structural belt lacks Early-Middle Triassic strata, and the Bohai Bay basin lacks late Jurassic-early Cretaceous strata. Based on research results from late Mesozoic sedimentary structures in the central and eastern parts of the Yanshan tectonic belt, we infer that episode A of the Yanshanian Orogeny was weak in the Bohai Bay basin and its periphery, while episode B of the Yanshanian Orogeny had a strong influence on the Bohai Bay basin and its periphery. The available data reveal differences in the expression of these episodes: the Bohai Bay basin is characterized by vertical uplift, and the northern margin of NCC is characterized by horizontal compression uplift.     

光照强度和光照周期对中国明对虾稚虾生长的影响

研究中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)稚虾在2种光照强度和2种光照周期相互搭配下的生长。实验在水族箱内进行,投喂人工配合饲料,实验设14L∶10D-6μmol.m-2.s-1(14∶10W),14L∶10D-60μmol.m-2.s-1(14∶10s),18L∶6D-6μmol.m-2.s-1(18∶6W)和18L∶6D-60μmol.m-2.s-1(18∶6s)4种光照处理,持续35d。主要结果:1.4种光照处理下,中国明对虾的生长(SGRd)不同。其中,14∶10W和18∶10W下,对虾的生长(SGRd)较快,与其他光照处理相比差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),而14∶10W和18∶10W,14∶10s和18∶6s处理间的差异不显著(P>0.05);2.4种光照处理下,中国明对虾的摄食率(FId)差异不显著(P>0.05);3.4种光照处理下,中国明对虾的食物转化效率(FCEd)不同。其中,14∶10W和18∶6W下,对虾的食物转化效率较大,与其他光照处理相比差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),而14∶10W和18∶10W,14∶10s和18∶6s处理间的差异不显著(P>0.05);4.在本实验条件下,光照强度对中国明对虾的生长产生显著的影响(P<0.05),光照周期的影响不显著(P>0.05),光照强度和光照周期间的交互作用不明显(P>0.05)。因此,从节约能源的角度出发,14L∶10D-6μmol.m-2.s-1可能是中国明对虾集约化养殖较好的光照条件。     

中国明对虾摄食后的特殊动力作用

采用耗氧量推算和能量收支推算方法,计算了中国明对虾的呼吸能量消耗,并计算了中国明对虾摄食配合饵料后的表观特殊动力作用（SDA）.体重范围为1.814～18.552g的中国明对虾摄食配合饵料后,24h内摄食1g 干饵料、1g蛋白质、1kJ能量所产生的SDA分别为7.492kJ、16.454kJ和0.383kJ,而体重范围为2.998～19.012g的中国明对虾在28d内利用能量收支方程计算的相应结果为8.570～11.153kJ、20.131～26.197kJ和0.446～0.580kJ.平均体重为1.53g的中国明对虾摄食鱼肉（FF）、虾肉（SF）、蛤肉（CF）、沙蚕（PW）、配合饲料（FD）和混合饲料（MD）后所产生的表观SDA占摄食能的比例分别为0.660,0.679,0.656,0.523,0.592,0.641,对不同饵料的SDA比例与转化效率的相关分析表明：饵料的转化效率与SDA比例负相关,即SDA比例越高的饵料分配到生长的能量比例越少.另外还对能量收支方法在SDA研究中的应用进行了探讨.     

中国西部大陆性冰川与海洋性冰川物质平衡变化及其对气候响应——以乌源1号冰川和帕隆94号冰川为例

为认识全球变暖背景下中国西部大陆性冰川与海洋性冰川物质平衡变化及其对气候响应,本研究以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川和藏东南帕隆94号冰川为例,结合大西沟与察隅站气象资料,对1980 — 2015年两条冰川的物质平衡变化特征及差异进行了分析。结果表明：36 a来乌源1号冰川与帕隆94号冰川物质平衡总体上均呈下降趋势,累积物质平衡达-17102与-8159 mm w.e.,相当于冰川厚度减薄19与9.01 m,且分别于1996、2004年左右发生突变。同期两条冰川所处区域年均温呈显著上升趋势,而降水量却表现出不同的变化态势;二者年内气温分配相仿,但降水分配差异较大。初步分析认为气温上升是导致乌源1号冰川与帕隆94号冰川物质亏损的主要原因,冰川区气温和降水变化幅度的差异和地性因子（坡度、冰川面积）的不同使得乌源1号冰川对气候变化响应的敏感性高于帕隆94号冰川,由于目前海洋性冰川物质平衡监测时段相对较短,为深入研究中国西部冰川物质平衡变化及过程仍需加强对冰川的持续观测。     

一种基于地理格网的三维模型数据统一表达方法

针对三维地理场景中异构三维模型数据统一表达问题,提出了一种基于地理格网的三维模型数据统一表达方法。该方法首先构建覆盖测区的地理格网模型,以此作为异构三维模型数据统一组织的空间基准。其次,建立三维模型数据与地理格网单元的映射关系。在此基础上,设计了一种基于XML的三维模型数据统一描述规则,从数据属性、空间范围、空间关系等方面对异构三维模型数据进行统一描述,将异构三维模型数据规划在地理格网的统一管理中。最后,采用山西省某体育馆数据进行试验分析,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Optimal precursors of double-gyre regime transitions with an adjoint-free method

In this paper, we find the optimal precursors which can cause double-gyre regime transitions based on conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Firstly, we simulate the multiple-equilibria regimes of double-gyre circulation under different viscosity coefficient and obtain the bifurcation diagram, then choose two equilibrium states (called jet-up state and jet-down state) as reference states respectively, propose Principal Component Analysis-based Simulated Annealing (PCASA) algorithm to solve CNOP-type initial perturbations which can induce double-gyre regime transitions between jet-up state and jet-down state. PCASA algorithm is an adjoint-free method which searches optimal solution randomly in the whole solution space. In addition, we investigate CNOP-type initial perturbations how to evolve with time. The results show:(1) the CNOP-type perturbations present a two-cell structure, and gradually evolves into a three-cell structure at predictive time;(2) by superimposing CNOP-type perturbations on the jet-up state and integrating ROMS, double-gyre circulation transfers from jet-up state to jet-down state, and vice versa, and random initial perturbations don't cause the transitions, which means CNOP-type perturbations are the optimal precursors of double-gyre regime transitions;(3) by analyzing the transition process of double-gyre regime transitions, we find that CNOP-type initial perturbations obtain energy from the background state through both barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, and barotropic instability contributes more significantly to the fast-growth of the perturbations. The optimal precursors and the dynamic mechanism of double-gyre regime transitions revealed in this paper have an important significance to enhance the predictability of double-gyre circulation.     

基于ArcGIS Geodatabase基础空间数据库设计

通过对空间数据库管理系统模式的发展进行分析,深入研究了面向对象的空间数据模型——Geodata-base,提出了新的基于ArcGIS的数字地形图空间数据库的分层、编码、属性设计方案。     

牡蛎软体中抗菌蛋白的制备及活性研究

采用超滤法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法、CM-Sepharose FF阳离子交换柱层析法等对牡蛎软体中抗菌蛋白(Antibacterial protein,AP)进行分离纯化,并采用体外实验观察其对常见致病菌的抗菌作用。结果表明,此蛋白分子量在16.4—39kDa,蛋白质含量≥70%。抗菌蛋白对生孢梭菌、白色念珠菌、变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、肠球菌、不动菌属均有较强的抗菌作用,MIC范围在0.125—32.0μg/ml之间,MBC范围在0.250—1.00mg/ml之间。以透射电镜观察AP对大肠杆菌的作用,提示AP可能通过作用于菌体细胞壁,发挥其抗菌作用。     

丽江地震台新台址勘选

介绍了丽江地震台新台址勘选过程。使用GL-PS2型一体化地震计进行测点勘选工作,计算分析了2021年12月28日13时至30日12时连续48 h内的地脉动速度均方根值(RMS)和噪声功率谱密度,并对该时段内记录到的天然地震事件进行分析。结果表明,记录到的4次天然地震事件震相清晰易识,拟选台址背景噪声达到Ⅰ类台基噪声水平。综合分析认为,该拟选台址观测环境较好,符合地震台建设要求。