The dust distribution within the inner coma of comet P/Halley 1982i: encounter by Giotto's impact detectors

Analysis of the data from Giotto's Dust Impact Detection System experiment (DIDSY) is presented. These data represent measurement of the size of dust grains incident on the Giotto dust shield along its trajectory through the coma of comet P/Halley on 1986 March 13/14. First detection occurred at some 287000 km distance from the nucleus on the inbound leg; the majority of the DIDSY subsystems remained operational after closest approach (604 km) yielding the last detection at about 202000 km from the nucleus. In order to improve the data coverage (and especially for the smallest grains, to approximately 10(-19) kg particle mass), data from the PIA instrument has been combined with DIDSY data. Flux profiles are presented for the various mass channels showing, to a first approximation, a 1/R2 flux dependence, where R is the distance of the detection point from the cometary nucleus, although significant differences are noted. Deviations from this dependence are observed, particularly close to the nucleus. From the flux profiles, mass and geometrical area distributions for the dust grains are derived for the trajectory through the coma. Groundbased CCD imaging of the dust continuum in the inner coma at the time of encounter is also used to derive the area of grains intercepted by Giotto. The results are consistent with the area functions derived by Giotto data and the low albedo of the grains deduced from infrared emission. For the close encounter period (-5 min to +5 min), the cumulative mass distribution function has been investigated, initially in 20 second periods; there is strong evidence from the data for a steepening of the index of the mass distribution for masses greater than 10(-13) kg during passage through dust jets which is not within the error limits of statistical uncertainty. The fluences for dust grains along the entire trajectory is calculated; it is found that extrapolation of the spectrum determined at intermediate masses (cumulative mass index alpha = 0.85) is not able to account for the spacecraft deceleration as observed by the Giotto Radio Science Experiment and by ESOC tracking operations. Data at large masses (>10(-8) kg) recently analysed from the DIDSY data set show clear evidence of a decrease in the mass distribution index at these masses within the coma, and it is shown that such a value of the mass index can provide sufficient mass for consistency with the observed deceleration. The total particulate mass output from the nucleus of comet P/Halley at the time of encounter would be dependent on the maximum mass emitted if this change in slope observed in the coma were also applicable to the emission from the nucleus; this matter is discussed in the text. The flux time profiles have been converted through a simple approach to modeling of the particle trajectories to yield an indication of nucleus surface activity. There is indication of an enhancement in flux at t approximately -29 s corresponding to crossing of the dawn terminator, but the flux detected prior to crossing of the dawn terminator is shown to be higher than predicted by simple modelling. Further enhancements corresponding to jet activity are detected around +190 s and +270 s.     

云南探空仪换型温度和位势高度观测数据对比分析

基于云南探空仪换型平行观测期间各标准等压面上的温度和位势高度观测数据以及对应的ECMWF模式预报场数据,利用偏差、标准差、均方根误差和相关系数等对新、旧探空仪观测数据进行对比分析和评估。结果表明:新、旧探空仪观测数据一致性较好,在100 hPa以下两者温度绝对偏差小于1.0℃,位势高度绝对偏差小于30 gpm,100 hPa以上温度和位势高度最大绝对偏差分别为3.9℃和151.0 gpm。除高层个别等压面外,新、旧探空仪观测数据离散性基本一致或新探空仪离散性相对较小。新探空仪观测数据与模式数据更为一致,在中高层表现更为明显;相对于模式数据,新、旧探空仪温度偏差分别集中在±0.7℃、±0.9℃左右,最大均方根误差分别为3.0℃、4.5℃,平均相关系数分别约为0.78、0.73;新、旧探空仪位势高度最大偏差分别为28.5 gpm、130.9 gpm,最大均方根误差分别为87.6 gpm、136.9 gpm,平均相关系数分别约为0.86、0.78。     

李坝金矿田构造地球化学特征及其找矿意义

本文从野外地质实际出发 ,系统研究了区内广泛发育的断裂构造特征及其与金矿化的关系 ,将断裂分为三级 , 、 级断裂主要为导矿和配矿构造 ,NW、NWW向的 级断裂为最有利的赋矿构造。据此 ,以构造地球化学的观点为指导 ,借助计算机化探数据处理系统 ,对系统采集的构造地球化学样品的 17个元素分析成果进行系统研究和 R型聚类分析等处理 ,将构造与金矿化的关系转化为构造地球化学特征 ,进而转化为找矿指标。研究表明 :含矿 (赋矿 +矿化 )断裂的特征元素组合为 :Au、Ag、As、Sb、Pb;非矿断裂的特征元素组合为 :Cr、Mn、Ti、V。将已知的赋矿、矿化和非矿断裂作为母体 ,利用多类判别分析建立了非矿、矿化和赋矿断裂判别函数 ,对已知的 2 3条断裂进行判别分类 ,错判 3条 ,准确率为 87%。该成果已应用于实际找矿工作中 ,通过对 11处未知区构造的含矿性研究 ,系统采取构造地球化学样品和进行相应的多元素分析 ,经判别后指导找矿 ,共发现金矿体三条 ,矿化体五条 ,取得了良好的找矿效果     

糯扎渡、景洪水库地震监测台网修复重建

糯扎渡、景洪水库地震监测台网于2008年建成,用于监测糯扎渡、景洪水电站周边水库地震活动,受历史原因影响,监测设备老旧,设备用房破损,截至2016年,该水库地震监测台网基本处于停测状态。2017年,华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司对整个水库地震监测台网进行设计优化、修缮,对15个台站及中心机房设备进行维修、更换,恢复台站网地震监测。修缮以后,水库地震台网考核运行率达95%以上,可满足监测M_L≥0.5地震的需求,台网观测的动态范围优于恢复重建前水平。此次糯扎渡、景洪水库地震台网的恢复重建,不仅对水库地震监测起到保障作用,也是对防震减灾事业的重要推进。     

四川某磷矿床地质特征

这个磷矿是在一九五八年到六○年发現的磷块岩矿床。形成时代为晚泥盆世。这种上泥盆統地层中的具有工业价值的磷矿床,在我国和世界上都很少見。这种矿床規模大、品位富,在矿石物质成分、矿石类型等方面也都独具一格,并且首次在沉积矿床中     

一种基于线性变换遗传算法的VOD集群负载均衡方法

对VOD集群中的负载均衡技术进行了分析和探讨,提出了一种基于线性变换遗传算法LTGA的负载均衡方法。实验结果表明,LTGA算法优于普通GA和WLCA算法。     

青藏高原沙尘气溶胶时空变化及其来源地分析

沙尘气溶胶作为地球大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,对全球气候、生态环境和人体健康都有重要影响。厘清青藏高原地区的沙尘气溶胶时空分布变化,对研究青藏高原沙尘气溶胶气候环境效应有重要意义。利用风云卫星遥感资料、再分析资料等多源数据,统计分析了1999-2020年青藏高原上空沙尘气溶胶的时空分布特征。高原沙尘活动强度在季风期明显高于非季风期,沙尘气溶胶光学厚度（Dust Optical Depth, DOD）在春、夏、秋、冬季的多年平均分别为0.176、 0.064、 0.032、 0.060,气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD）为0.223、 0.118、 0.069、 0.117。柴达木盆地是青藏高原地区沙尘活动最活跃的区域,在高原西部和南部监测到零星沙尘活动。2018-2020年,青藏高原上空发生沙尘事件的天数分别为：192天、 218天和212天。东亚地区沙尘源地（约62%）与中东、中亚地区沙尘源地（约30%）分别是高原北部和南部沙尘气溶胶的主要来源,源自北非地区的沙尘主要影响高原南部的高海拔地区。青藏高原地区沙尘活动在2000-2012年强度较高,201...     

一种新的凸轮设计方法研究

利用样条函数理论及计算机辅助设计技术，提出了滚子从动件盘状凸轮，由理论曲线生成工作廓线的凸轮设计方法。