寒区圆形截面隧道温度场的解析解

根据冻土地区的实际情况地圆形隧道正冻区和未冻区的热传导方程进行简化,应用无量纲量和摄动技术对简化方程进行求解,给出了圆形隧道冻结过程的近似解析解。通过和有限元数值解结果比较,发现该近似解具有较高的精度,能满足工程实际的精度要求,该解既可用于工程估算 用来检验数值计算的计算程序及结果。     

Waste loading in shrimp and fish processing effluents: potential source of hazards to the coastal and nearshore environments

On average, only 30-40% of the global fishery production is consumed fresh and the rest 60-70% is processed for human consumption and other purposes. Although the proportion of the total fishery production that are processed remained relatively stable over the last decade, the total bulk of processed fishery commodity increased due to the steady increase in the total fishery production. Processing of large bulk of fish, shrimp and other aquatic organisms produces a corresponding large bulk of by-products and wastes. Although recent trend shows that much of these wastes are made into various value added products, considerable quantities are discharged as the processing effluents with large volume of waters used in processing. Reports suggest that fish and shrimp processing effluents are very high in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), fat-oil-grease (FOG), pathogenic and other microflora, organic matters and nutrients, etc. Fish and shrimp processing effluents are, therefore, highly likely to produce adverse effects on the receiving coastal and marine environments. Although substantial reduction of the waste loads is possible by applying available simple techniques, this is not in practice in most part of the world due to lack of proper managerial and regulatory approach. The present paper reviews the characteristics of fish and shrimp processing effluents as a potential source of coastal and marine pollution and, using the existing data, analyzes the global production and discharge of waste loads from the processing plants and discusses available options for waste treatment and management.     

Estimating the size and distribution of South Asian religious populations in Britain: is there an alternative to a religion question in the census?

This paper addresses the question of whether there is an alternative to asking a direct religious question in the 2001 Census through a systematic review of alternative methods of quantifying religious populations. After establishing the limited availability of direct information on religion, the paper considers the application of an inferential method for estimating religious populations based on data from the 1994 Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities (NSEM). Except for the monoreligious Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations, evidence of substantial spatial variation in the association between ethnicity and religion severely limits application of the method below national level. Using the religiously diverse Indian population of outer London as a case study, the NSEM is investigated to see whether the incorporation of other ?predictors? of religion as weighting variables improves sensitivity of the method to this variation. In a second method, logistic regression is employed to develop predictive models of religious affiliation for application to census microdata. Based on these two applications, it was concluded that very little of the variation in the religious geography of Indians in outer London can be inferred from measured characteristics in the census. However, this does not necessarily imply support for inclusion of a religion question in the 2001 Census. It was suggested that it may be more appropriate and cost effective to define and solve the need for data locally.     

块石层与碎石层降温效果室内试验研究

多年冻土区道路病害主要是由路基下多年冻土融化下沉引起，降低路基土体温度、保护冻土是连续多年冻土区的主要建筑原则．通过室内试验研究了在边界温度周期性波动及一定风速条件下块石层和碎石层的降温效果．结果表明：在负温及正温期结束时，块石层中温度沿深度方向是单调变化的，而在碎石层中是非单调变化的；正温结束时，块石层孔隙中的空气温度比块石表面温度低；一定厚度的块石层和碎石层均具有明显的降温效果，在相同边界条件下，平均粒径约7cm的碎石层的降温效果比平均粒径约为22cm的块石层好。因此，选择降温层的最佳粒径及厚度对实际工程具有重要意义。     

Seasonal variation of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in the southern part of the Baltic Sea

The impact of seasonal fluctuations in forcing factors such as atmospheric concentration, temperature, and biological productivity on the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the surface water of the southern part of the Baltic Sea was investigated. Water samples were collected on eight cruises over 2 years. A clear seasonal variability in dissolved PCB concentrations was observed with higher levels in summer than in winter and spring. This was attributed to changes in atmospheric concentrations and water temperature, based on measurements showing the PCB levels in the atmosphere and surface water to be close to a partitioning equilibrium. Concentrations in the suspended particulate material (SPM) fraction were also variable, and when the quotient of the organic carbon normalised concentration in SPM and the dissolved concentration was calculated (i.e., the bioaccumulation factor (BAF)), a seasonal pattern was observed which was consistent with kinetic limitations on partitioning into particles caused by plankton growth. However, seasonal variability in the partitioning properties of the SPM may also contribute to this variability.     

Religious composition of Punjab's urban population, 1981

The author analyzes the religious composition of the urban population in Punjab, India, for the period 1971-1981. Aspects considered include the relationship between religious composition and size-class of urban centers, changes in the size of urban religious populations, and the different spatial patterns of various religious communities.     

二维有限差分时间域电磁偏移

我们已推出一种二维有限差分时间域（ＦＤＴＤ）偏移算法,有限差分方法的优点在于它能很地应用于各种电导率背景模型,比较ＦＤＴＤ算法和积分方程（ＩＥ）算法的电磁偏移计算结果表明,有限差分法结果比ＩＥ结果能更好地反映电导异常,对于含有榀 的数据也可提供稳定的图像。Ｍｉｎｄｃｏ的地球物理学家们,跨跃日本的Ａｗａｊｉ岛的Ｎｏｊｉｍａ断裂带,开展了ＴＤＥＭ法工作,并利用有限差分偏移方法测定了与断裂有关的导电破碎     

The dust coma of Comet P/Giacobini-Zinner in the infrared

We present 1-20 micrometers photometry of P/Giacobini-Zinner obtained at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, during 1985 June-September (r = 1.57-1.03 AU). A broad, weak 10 micrometers silicate emission feature was detected on August 26.6; a similar weak emission feature could have been hidden in the broadband photometry on other dates. The total scattering and emitting cross section of dust in the inner coma was similar to that in other short-period comets, but a factor of 10 (r = 1.56 AU) to 100 (r = 1.03 AU) lower than the amount of dust in Comet Halley. The thermal emission continuum can be fit with models weighted toward either small or large absorbing grains. The dust production rate near perihelion was approximately 10(5) g/s (small-grain model) to approximately 10(6) g/s (large-grain model). The corresponding dust/gas mass ratio on August 26 was approximately 0.1-1. A silicate-rich heterogeneous grain model with an excess of large particles is compatible with the observed spectrum of Giacobini-Zinner on August 26. Thus, weak or absent silicate emission does not necessarily imply an absence of silicates in the dust, although the abundance of silicate particles < or = 1 micrometer radius must have been lower than in Comet Halley.