相位量化误差对导航模拟信号伪距生成精度的影响分析

导航信号模拟源器是接收机性能验证的重要技术手段,目前的研究多关注于高动态场景实现和伪距误差分析,对于静态伪距和恒定多普勒等高精度测量场景中的伪距精度少有分析。本文针对高精度测试场景,分析了相位量化误差的产生原因,推导了由此引起的伪距误差公式并给出了仿真验证。分析和仿真结果表明：相位累加字量化误差影响伪距稳定度。进位相位截断误差引起的相位抖动影响伪距零值测量结果,两种误差均不可忽略。为高精度卫星导航信号模拟器的设计提供了理论依据。     

基于对流参数的贵州春季冰雹潜势预报

利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1.0°×1.0°格点再分析资料,计算了贵州2001-2010年春季对流参数并插值到贵州84个站点上,结合贵州春季冰雹实况统计分析,选取与冰雹相关性好的对流参数作为预报因子,分别用判别分析法和指标叠加法制作冰雹潜势预报,结果表明:指标叠加法优于判别分析法.最后用指标叠加法试报了2011年3-5月、2012年3-4月的冰雹,临界成功指数CSI=51.85％,命中率POD=93.33％,虚假报警率FAR=18.84％.     

Global mapping of artificial surfaces at 30-m resolution

Urbanization is expected to accelerate with population growth and economic development at the global scale. The artificial surface is the main land cover form of urbanization. On the one hand, urbanization provides spaces for industry, economic activities and residence. On the other hand, artificial surfaces change the earth surface to a large extent, thus significantly affecting natural processes such as the heat exchange, hydrological processes and ecological balance. Therefore, the global mapping of artificial surfaces is valuable for both natural science and social science. This study produced the global artificial surface maps at 30-m resolution for two base-years using the satellite images acquired around 2000 and 2010. First, we proposed a new definition of “artificial surface” based on patch level with consideration of its geographic meaning and image features at 30-m resolution. Second, pixel-based and object-based image processing techniques were combined for the extraction of artificial surface patches. Finally, human editing and a quality control system were employed to guarantee the quality of global mapping. Independent accuracy assessments show that the user’s accuracy of this product is higher than 80%. It can be concluded that the product is the most reliable one among all the available global datasets of artificial surfaces (or related types). The data can significantly contribute to various research fields, such as urbanization and ecosystem assessment.     

Geospatial knowledge-based verification and improvement of GlobeLand30

Assuring the quality of land-cover data is one of the major challenges for large- area mapping projects. Although the use of geospatial knowledge and ancillary data in improving land-cover classification has been studied since the early 1980s, mature methods and efficient supporting tools are still lacking. This paper presents a geospatial knowledge-based verification and improvement approach for global land cover (GLC) mapping at 30-m resolution. A set of verification rules is derived from three types of land cover and its change knowledge (natural, cultural and temporal constraints). A group of web-based supporting tools is developed to facilitate the integration of and access to large amounts of ancillary data and to support online data manipulation and analysis as well as collaborative verification workflows. With this approach, two 30-m GLC datasets (GlobeLand-2000 and GlobeLand-2010) were verified and modified. The results indicate that the data quality of GlobeLand30 has been largely improved.     

大厂矿区地震与爆破记录波形特征分析

运用小波理论和分形理论方法对大厂矿区典型爆破和显著地震事件波形进行定量处理和特征分析。先用小波理论对爆破和地震波形进行消噪处理,然后再运用分形维对爆破和地震波形进行定量处理和特征分析。结果表明:一般情况下取分维值为1.2可分辨该区的天然地震和爆破或其他干扰波动。     

细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)与哲罗鲑(Hucho taimen)的血液学比较研究

对细鳞鲑和哲罗鲑的全血、血浆的理化特征及生理功能进行比较研究,结果表明,在8周的同等养殖条件下,细鳞鲑与哲罗鲑的SGR和DWG不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),均属健康状态下生长。血液生理学方面,细鳞鲑和哲罗鲑的红细胞形态均呈椭圆,细胞核呈长椭圆形;红细胞核体积分别为(50.12±7.85)μm3和(66.25±10.21)μm3。细鳞鲑与哲罗鲑的RBC、Hb、Hct、MCV和RDW存在显著差异(P<0.001),哲罗鲑的MCHC显著高于细鳞鲑的(P<0.01);这些血液生理学数据表明,细鳞鲑和哲罗鲑的耐低氧能力较弱。血液生化方面,细鳞鲑与哲罗鲑的Na+、P、AST、TG和CHOL存在显著性差异(P<0.05),且这几项指标前者均大于后者,这两种鱼的剩余其它生化指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);血清底物浓度在正常范围内,AST和ALT可作为细鳞鲑和哲罗鲑的肝细胞损伤的特异性指标,且细鳞鲑的肝脏更容易受到损伤。     

水电站地下厂房结构抗震计算方法探讨

地下结构是水电站地下厂房抗震设计的关键,我国现行规范尚未对其抗震设计方法作出明确规定。结合汶川地震中映秀湾地下厂房结构震灾调查,采用拟静力法、反应谱法和时程法分别进行结构受力计算。结果表明,3种方法均能在一定程度上反应映力荷载作用下地下结构的破坏情况,为抗震设计提供理论依据。拟静力法计算结果偏安全,但其对顶拱、牛腿等局部结构计算有一定不合理之处;反应谱法能展现结构的薄弱部位,便于抗震加固,但在与围岩接触的结构分析中存在较大误差;时程法能精细反映地下结构的地震受力过程,计算结果与震害调查吻合较好,便于更为经济的工程设计。建议对安全级别高、规模大或处于高地震烈度区域的地下厂房结构采用时程法进行计算。     

滇西户撒盆地芒棒组砂岩地球化学特征及物源区和构造背景分析

滇西户撒盆地芒棒组砂岩地球化学分析结果表明:砂岩主要为长石砂岩和杂砂岩,少量为页岩;矿物成分主要为石英、钾长石、斜长石和伊利石等;REE配分模式曲线一致,LREE/HREE=9.75～15.91,平均13.24,(La/Yb)_N=13.06～26.41,平均19.21,轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素明显富集,稀土元素分馏明显。SiO_2/Al_2O_3=2.06～6.01,平均4.60,ICV=0.54～1.09,平均0.86,结合沉积特征表明样品为被动构造环境下沉积物的再循环而成,而非强烈风化作用过程中形成的第一次旋回沉积物。Th/U=5.44～12.10,平均8.48,CIA矫正均值为69,反映了温暖、湿润条件下的中等化学风化作用。A-CN-K判别图说明交代作用降低了CIA值、且样品源岩钾长石比斜长石含量高。Th/Sc=4.43～25.35,平均8.18,Rb-K_2O图解、Co/Th-La/Sc图解和La/Yb-∑REE图解表明样品物源为花岗岩。TiO_2-(Fe_2O_3T+MgO)、Al_2O_3/(Cao+Na_2O)-(Fe_2O_3T+MgO)、La-Th-Sc以及(K_2O/Na_2O)-SiO_2构造判别图解表明:源岩形成于被动大陆边缘环境,与中特提斯洋在晚侏罗世—早白垩世已经打开且长期稳定相对应。户撒盆地为沿早期户撒走滑-挤压断裂拉张沉积形成,接受周缘晚侏罗世—早白垩世花岗岩沉积。     

山东省海洋主体功能区划定方法与探讨

文章通过梳理山东省海洋主体功能区规划的编制背景,以及山东省海域的概况,分析了山东省海洋开发方面存在的问题,对山东省海洋主体功能区规划编制的程序和方法进行阐述,并对各类主体功能区的划定及划定过程中的技术问题进行了探讨和研究,以期为山东省海洋开发和管理提供科学依据。     

日照海洋保护区现状及发展对策研究

人类对海洋的青睐和倚重日益凸显为实现海洋未来可持续发展建立海洋保护区是一种有效的预防性海洋综合管理方式。文章根据日照海洋保护区当前发展状况,分析保护区发展中存在的问题,并相应的提出相关建议及对策。希望这些对策能够进一步提高保护区的保护价值。