特征重标定网络的高光谱影像分类方法

高光谱影像特征的利用率对提高其分类精度具有重要意义。为充分利用影像的特征,提出了一种特征重标定网络的高光谱影像分类方法。该方法通过全局平均池化将特征图转换为具有全局信息的实数,利用全连接层与非线性层生成能够代表各通道相对重要性的权值,进而采取加权法完成初始特征的重标定。为验证该方法的有效性,选取PaviaU和KSC两组高光谱影像数据进行实验。结果表明,提出方法总体分类精度分别达到98.38%和95.61%,可为高光谱影像提供有效的类别判定特征,有助于提高影像分类精度并获取平滑的分类结果图。     

对研学旅行基础能力建设的探索

研学旅行作为一种新型的"研学"和"旅行"的教育活动,近些年发展迅速并拥有了广大的市场需求,但与此同时研学旅行基础能力建设的不足也逐渐显露。笔者在对研学旅行研究意义和发展现状阐述的基础上,总结了现阶段研学旅行基础能力建设中的问题,包括研学标准体系不完善,难以管理和规范研学市场;研学人才队伍良莠不齐,缺乏专业化师资队伍;研学基地类型少,基础设施建设不健全。并且从标准建设、师资建设和基地遴选及建设方向对研学旅行基础能力提升提出了建议。     

戈壁沙砾质地表沉积物全粒径分布模式及其对分选作用的指示意义

戈壁地表沉积物组分呈多峰态分布的特征,研究其全粒径分布模式是认识戈壁成因及形成过程的基础。目前粒度分布模式(对数正态分布、Weibull分布等)难以正确表达呈多峰态的沉积物粒度分布特征,本文利用单调递减函数P(d_i)=Cd_i^-μexp(-d_i/Dc),对戈壁地表沉积物粒度的全粒径分布模式进行解析。结果表明:(1)该函数能够反映出戈壁地表沉积物组分的全粒径分布特征,拟合优度R^2>0.99,参数C值范围为52.64～166.75,μ为-0.083～0.108,Dc为0.103～2.336;(2)在分选作用下,以富沙组分为主的戈壁地表,跃移组分含量高,μ值、Dc值偏小,以富砾组分为主的戈壁地表,蠕移及风蚀残余组分含量高,μ值、Dc值偏大;(3)全粒径分布模式参数值可以揭示洪积扇戈壁的分选沉积特征,为解析戈壁地表的成因以及风蚀风积作用提供新的指标参数。     

额济纳旗典型地表沙尘释放潜力及沙尘天气频发成因

额济纳旗位于极端干旱的内陆河下游,绿洲退化严重,沙尘天气频发,已成为内蒙古西部主要沙尘源区。为揭示该区域沙尘频繁成因,对区域4种典型地表(富沙砾戈壁、富沙戈壁、绿洲退化地、绿洲)沉积物组分、风蚀强度、沙尘释放强度、多年平均月沙尘日数及大风日数等进行了综合分析。结果表明:以风沙活动为主要特征的绿洲退化地,粉沙黏土组分含量高,PM10沙尘释放强度大(0.2796 kg·d^-1·m^-2),为研究区强沙尘释放地表;富沙及富沙砾戈壁地表,风蚀强度大,但粉沙黏土组分含量低,PM10沙尘释放强度较大(0.1267kg·d^-1·m^-2,0.0672 kg·d^-1·m^-2);尽管绿洲地表粉沙黏土组分含量高,但由于植被、水分等因素的制约,其PM10沙尘释放强度最小(0.0240 kg·d^-1·m^-2)。额济纳旗绿洲被大面积强沙尘释放源(绿洲退化地和戈壁)包围,局地沙尘内循环过程中粉尘颗粒的富积,为当地高频沙尘天气提供了丰富的尘源,这是额济纳旗沙尘天气频发的主要原因。     

晋宁烟区冰雹灾害时空分布特征及环流形势分析

针对晋宁区2009~2018年6~9月5个乡镇烤烟种植区的冰雹灾害问题,以烟区冰雹灾害分布、烤烟种植及受损面积、经济损失等数据为基础,对烟区冰雹灾害时空分布特征、地形因素对冰雹灾害的影响等进行分析,并对冰雹灾害出现的大气环流背景进行分型。结果表明:晋宁烟区冰雹灾害年际变化大、时空分布极不均匀,7~8月最多,降雹时段主要集中在12~21时,高峰期16~18时;冰雹灾害多发区主要为晋城镇南部、双河乡和夕阳乡山区、二街西北部、六街东南部,且山区明显多于坝区;冰雹灾害风险从高到低依次为:晋城、夕阳、双河、二街、六街;冰雹灾害发生的环流形势主要有:低压活动型44.4%、低压槽型27.0%、低涡型4.8%、切变型3.2%,其他20.6%。     

Stratigraphic architectures and associated unconformities of Pearl River Mouth basin during rifting and lithospheric breakup of the South China Sea

Marine Geophysical Research - The lithosphere breakup processes from initial rifting of the crust to the complete rupture of the lithosphere underwent several tectonic evolution stages and resulted...     

海水养殖污染与生态修复对策

随着我国海水养殖规模的不断扩大,海水养殖污染已成为不可忽视的环境问题。文章综述了海水养殖过程中产生的营养盐污染、有机质污染、重金属污染、抗生素污染问题及其生态影响和生态修复对策措施。对于海水养殖污染,单纯的物理化学修复方法制约较大,以生物修复为基础的生态浮床修复技术、大型藻类修复技术及人工湿地修复技术,是较为有效的海水养殖污染防治措施。在未来研究中,还应加强养殖污染源头的治理,加强海水综合养殖理论方法研究,以实现海水养殖经济效益和环境效益双赢。     

Fermi耀变体的辐射特性和演化研究

搜集和计算了734个Fermi耀变体样本,包括322个蝎虎天体(其中148个高峰频蝎虎天体、73个中峰频蝎虎天体以及101个低峰频蝎虎天体)和412个平谱射电类星体(其中18个高峰频平谱射电类星体、45个中峰频平谱射电类星体以及349个低峰频平谱射电类星体)。研究了每个子类的红移分布、黑洞质量分布以及γ射线光度的分布,并对其红移、黑洞质量、γ射线光度以及同步峰值频率的相关性进行了分析,结果表明:(1)根据红移与γ射线光度分别从高到低的排序,得到Fermi耀变体的演化序列遵循平谱射电类星体→蝎虎天体,且高同步峰频耀变体→中同步峰频耀变体→低同步峰频耀变体,但根据黑洞质量从高到低得到的演化序列不同,这可能是黑洞质量的估计误差以及黑洞质量样本数量较少造成的;(2)Fermi耀变体每个子类的红移与黑洞质量、黑洞质量与γ射线光度之间正相关;(3)Fermi耀变体每个子类的红移、γ射线光度分别与同步峰频之间反相关,黑洞质量与同步峰频之间不存在相关性。     

海洋芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. CAMT22370所产葡萄糖氧化酶的分离纯化与表征

前期筛选获得一株海洋源Bacillussp.CAMT22370高产葡萄糖氧化酶菌株,本研究进一步通过离子交换及分子筛层析使Bacillus sp. CAMT22370葡萄糖氧化酶纯化了2.12倍,酶活得率32.37%,比活力达到8.47 U/mg,分子质量约为50 kDa。酶学特性研究表明,此酶在低温下有较好的催化活性,最适温度为30℃,超过30℃时酶活迅速下降, 45℃保温2 h活力降至75%左右;最适pH为6.0,在5.0以下和7.0以上时酶活迅速降低, 9.0时损失35%; Ca~(2+)和Mn~(2+)有明显激活作用, Na~+和Zn~(2+)有轻微激活作用, K~+和Mg~(2+)对酶活无显著影响,而Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)对酶活有明显抑制作用,酶动力学参数Vmax及Km值分别为26.85 (μmol/(L·min))和109.26 (μmol/(L·min)),以上酶学特性与现有酶制剂存在明显不同,研究结果为该葡萄糖氧化酶的开发利用奠定了初步基础。     

Progress in the Study of Coastal Storm Deposits

Numerous studies have been carried out to identify storm deposits and decipher storm-induced sedimentary processes in coastal and shallow-marine areas. This study aims to provide an in-depth review on the study of coastal storm deposits from the following five aspects. 1) The formation of storm deposits is a function of hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes under the constraints of local geological and ecological factors. Many questions remain to demonstrate the genetic links between storm-related processes and a variety of resulting deposits such as overwash deposits, underwater deposits and hummocky cross-stratification (HCS). Future research into the formation of storm deposits should combine flume experiments, field observations and numerical simulations, and make full use of sediment source tracing methods. 2) Recently there has been rapid growth in the number of studies utilizing sediment provenance analysis to investigate the source of storm deposits. The development of source tracing techniques, such as mineral composition, magnetic susceptibility, microfossil and geochemical property, has allowed for better understanding of the depositional processes and environmental changes associated with coastal storms. 3) The role of extreme storms in the sedimentation of low-lying coastal wetlands with diverse ecosystem services has also drawn a great deal of attention. Many investigations have attempted to quantify widespread land loss, vertical marsh sediment accumulation and wetland elevation change induced by major hurricanes. 4) Paleostorm reconstructions based on storm sedimentary proxies have shown many advantages over the instrumental records and historic documents as they allow for the reconstruction of storm activities on millennial or longer time scales. Storm deposits having been used to establish proxies mainly include beach ridges and shelly cheniers, coral reefs, estuary-deltaic storm sequences and overwash deposits. Particularly over the past few decades, the proxies developed from overwash deposits have successfully retrieved many records of storm activities during the mid to late Holocene worldwide. 5) Distinguishing sediments deposited by storms and tsunamis is one of the most difficult issues among the many aspects of storm deposit studies. Comparative studies have investigated numerous diagnostic evidences including hydrodynamic condition, landward extent, grain property, texture and grading, thickness, microfossil assemblage and landscape conformity. Perhaps integrating physical, biological and geochemical evidences will, in the future, allow unambiguous identification of tsunami deposits and storm deposits.