基于桥梁抖振分析的自激力计算方法

抖振是桥梁在风荷载作用下的一种经常性的限幅振动。对于长大跨度桥梁在计算其抖振响应时不得不考虑自激力的影响，而自激力的计算方法不一，且其计算过程复杂，繁琐。本文根据抖振计算理论，研究一种自激力的实用计算方法，并对军山斜拉桥进行自激力计算。     

泥石流易损度评价

泥石流易损度是指在一定区域和给定时段内 ,由于泥石流灾害而可能导致的该区域内所存在的一切人、财、物的潜在最大损失。易损度评价因子主要分为财产指标和人口指标两大类。财产指标包括建筑资产、交通设施资产、生命线工程资产、个人财产和土地资源 ;人口指标包括人口年龄、受教育程度、富裕状况、人口自然增长率和人口密度。财产指标和人口指标具有不同的计量单位因而不能直接相加。本文提出的“转换赋值函数”解决了人、财、物统一标度和综合表达的难题 ,使泥石流易损度定量表达为财产指标转换函数赋值与人口指标转换函数赋值之和的二分之一的平方根。易损度取值范围介于 0～ 1或 0 %～ 10 0 %之间     

Clustering stream profiles to understand the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River by using DEMs

Stream morphology is an important indicator for revealing the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River.Existing studies on the morphology of the Yang-tze River focus on planar features.However,the vertical features are also important.Vertical features mainly control the flow ability and erosion intensity.Furthermore,traditional studies often focus on a few stream profiles in the Yangtze River.However,stream profiles are linked together by runoff nodes,thus affecting the geomorphological evolution of the Yangtze River naturally.In this study,a clustering method of stream profiles in the Yangtze River is proposed by plotting all profiles together.Then,a stream evolution index is used to investigate the geomorphological features of the stream profile clusters to reveal the evolution of the Yangtze River.Based on the stream profile clusters,the erosion base of the Yangtze River generally changes from steep to gentle from the upper reaches to the lower reaches,and the evolution degree of the stream changes from low to high.The asymmetric distribution of knickpoints in the Hanshui River Basin supports the view that the boundary of the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau has reached the vicinity of the Daba Mountains.     

航测技术在高速公路勘测中的应用与实施——以二广高速为例

以二连浩特至广州高速公路(粤境段)为例,着重介绍了航测技术在高速公路勘测中的工作流程与相关技术的运用,对其在高速公路勘测中的应用现状与发展前景进行了总结与展望.     

《精密工程测量规范》有关问题的探讨

对《精密工程测量规范》中测边三角形坐标计算公式存在的不足之处进行了推导,针对不足问题提出了正确的处理方法,并通过实例进行了验证。     

协调土地利用与生态建设的研究

研究了土地利用对经济效益和生态效益的影响,设计了基于经济效益和生态效益双因子联合分析协调土地利用与生态建设的技术方法,实现了通过效益调整来协调土地利用和生态建设.     

The contribution of gully erosion to total sediment production in a small watershed in Southwest China

Determining the contribution of gully erosion to the total sediment yield is important for enhancing decision-making regarding sediment abatement and soil conservation measures. The dry-hot valley region of the Jinsha River is one of the most intensive areas of gully erosion in China. However, the contribution of gully erosion to total sediment production in this region is unclear. Instead of using the source tracing technique commonly employed in other studies, this study provides a method of rapidly reconstructing historical sediment yields based on the properties of sediment that accumulated in an undrained pond at a small gully watershed outlet. We produced a three-dimensional model in geographical information system software to calculate the volume of each layer of accumulated pond deposits from 2006 to 2011. Moreover, we estimated sheet erosion amounts using the Universal Soil Loss Equation. The results showed that sheet erosion accounted for between 14.28 and 23.39% of the total sediment yield in the watershed in the case that the sediment delivery ratio was 100%. Therefore, gully erosion is the major source of total soil loss in this area, and effective soil measures of gully erosion mitigation are crucial for managing the sediment yield.     

基于离子光谱特征波段反射率的土壤碱化指标反演模型

以新疆奇台地区碱化土壤为研究对象,通过分析碱化土壤实测光谱反射率曲线与八大离子、pH、碱化指标相互间的相关关系,建立基于离子光谱特征波段反射率的各碱化指标一元及多元光谱反演模型,并对其精度进行验证。结果显示:Na^+、CO_3^2-、HCO_3^-含量与光谱反射率正相关,最高点的相关系数分别为0.710、0.798、0.749,而Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量与光谱反射率负相关,相关系数最高均不超过-0.370,反映出前3类离子含量与光谱反射率关系更为密切。SAR(钠吸附比)和ESP(碱化度)与Na+相关系数同为0.954,TA(总碱度)、RSC(残余碳酸钠)、pH与CO_3^2-的相关系数分别为0.946、0.949和0.953,总体上Na^+和CO_3^2-含量对各碱化指标的影响更大。各碱化指标与土壤光谱反射率的相关性TA>RSC>ESP>pH>SAR;其中TA与光谱反射率的相关系数达到0.863。碱化指标TA的离子光谱特征波段反射率反演模型精度最好,其R^2为0.703,比利用实测光谱反射率建立的pH反演模型的R^2高约14%,说明前者精度更高,能更好地反映研究区内土壤的碱化程度。利用离子光谱特征波段反射率实现对土壤碱化的预测会成为今后研究的重点。     

广州市37℃以上酷热天气形势及相关要素分析

对1951年以来广州市出现的37℃以上的酷热天气的形势特征和广州气象要素进行分析,发现这类天气多发生在地面气压场西北高东南低的形势之下,与副热带高压和热带气旋活动关系密切,二者的共同作用使广州附近多数情况下出现下沉气流。结果还表明,广州地面和低空吹偏北气流更易出现酷热天气,酷热天气还与前期的气温和降水等要素关系密切。