We examined the influences of the wind field and wave-current interaction (WCI) on the numerical simulation results of typhoon-induced wind waves in the northern East China Sea (NECS) using the coupled Simulating Waves Nearshore+Advanced Circulation (SWAN+ADCIRC) model. The simulations were performed during two typhoon events (Lekima and Muifa), and two widely used reanalysis wind fields, the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5), were compared. The results indicate that the ERA5 and CFSv2 wind fields both reliably reproduced the wind variations measured by in-situ buoys, and the accuracy of the winds from ERA5 were generally better than those from CFSv2 because CFSv2 tended to overestimate the wind speed and the simulated significant wave height (SWH), particularly the peak SWH. The WCI effects between the two wind field simulations were similar; these effects enhanced the SWH throughout the nearshore NECS during both typhoons but suppressed the SWH on the right side of the Typhoon Muifa track in the deep and offshore sea areas. In summary, variations in the water depth and current propagation direction dominate the modulation of wave height. 相似文献
At the end of October 2018, a storm of unprecedented strength severely damaged the forests of the eastern sector of the Italian Alps. The affected forest area covers 42,500 ha. The president of one of the damaged regions asked for help from the University of Padua. After eight months of discussion, the authors of this article wrote a consensus text. The sometimes asper debate brought to light some crucial aspects: 1) even experienced specialists may have various opinions based on scientific knowledge that lead to conflicting proposals for action. For some of them there is evidence that to restore a destroyed natural environment it is more judicious to do nothing; 2) the soil corresponds to a living structure and every ecosystem's management should be based on it; 3) faced with a catastrophe, people and politicians find themselves unarmed, also because they rarely have the scientific background to understand natural processes. Yet politicians are the only persons who make the key decisions that drive the economy in play and therefore determine the near future of our planet. This article is an attempt to respond directly to the governor of a region who formally and prudently asked a university department called \"Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry\" for help before taking decisions; 4) the authors also propose an artistic interpretation of facts(uncontrolled storm) and conclusions(listen to the soil). Briefly, the authors identify the soil as an indispensable source for the renewal of the destroyed forest, give indications on how to prepare a map of the soils of the damaged region, and suggest to anchor on this soil map a series of silvicultural and soil management actions that will promote the soil conservation and the faster recovery of the natural dynamic stability and resilience. 相似文献