黄土形成过程的实质与环境

黄土地层的形成实质上是土壤化过程,不同特性的黄土层代表了不同的成壤作用。不同地区的黄土主要是草原、荒漠草原和森林划原地区发育的灰钙土、粟钙土、棕钙土、棕漠土和黑垆土。与红褐色古土壤相比,黄土是冷干气候条件下发育的灰黄色古土壤,黄土层能够作为冷干气候的指示。根据灰黄色古土壤与红色古土壤的交替,可将250万年来黄土区气候变化分为51个旋回亚旋回。     

秦皇岛南李庄泻湖的形成与环境变化

三个钻孔的岩心表明,南李庄泻湖沉积可分为5层,最大厚度15m左右。根据孢粉、微量元素以及岩相特点可将泻湖的演化分为5个阶段。资料表明,湖水变深时期是气候温湿时期,湖水变浅时期为气候凉干时期,指示泻湖的兴衰明显受气候控制。     

利用三维地震资料勘探下白垩统（加拿大艾伯塔）下切河谷砂岩风险…

与下白垩统下切河道砂岩储层有关的常见勘探风险包括：（１）页岩与砂岩的区分，以及（２）来自下伏古生界不整合和较年龄Ｍａｎｎｖｉｌｌｅ煤层的地震干扰造成的反射模糊。在艾伯塔卡尔加里以东，在１９９５年期间钻探了两口井，钻后评价进一步强调了预测下白垩统Ｍａｎｎｖｉｌｌｅ群内Ｇｌａｕｃｏｎｉｔｉｃ组的页岩和砂岩充填河谷体系的复杂性。通过利用综合地球物理和地质反演方法能够更好地了解砂岩－页岩混合地区下切河谷体     

巴丹吉林沙漠沙山区径流与地下水补给条件

在全球高差最大的巴丹吉林沙漠沙山斜坡上发现了沙漠区罕见的因大气降水而产生的地表超渗径流,地表径流侵蚀,缓渗径流及因地下径流出露而产生的地表径流--风沙混合物理沉积与化学沉积(次生盐).根据电镜观察,能谱分析,化学分析和粒度分析等资料,研究了径流化学沉积物的矿物和化学组成,风积沙和径流--风沙混合物理沉积物的粒度组成,径流类型及沙山区水分平衡,降水对地下水与湖水的补给机制.超渗径流的出现表明,虽然该区降水量少,但存在能够为地下水提供补给来源的较强有效降雨过程.径流,径流--风沙混合物理沉积和化学沉积等六项科学指标从深层次上充分证明,该区降水通过入渗至少达到了沙山的下部,完全能够对地下水构成有效补给.细粒层相对的隔水性是该区地下径流出露于地表的原因.沙山区确实存在令人惊奇的水分正平衡,即在大气降水在经过蒸发和蒸腾等消耗之后,每年还有约134648.4 t/km²水补给了地下水和湖水,成为湖水的重要补给来源之一.沙山区能够产生有效降水,植被稀少蒸腾量少,沙层入渗率高和沙层受蒸发影响深度很小是该区水分出现正平衡和大气降水能够补给地下水的四个条件,也是导致该沙漠区有众多湖泊发育的主要条件.     

Induction of zona radiata and vitellogenin genes in estradiol and nonylphenol exposed male sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Several genes normally induced by estradiol (E(2)) in female fish, those for vitellogenins (VTGs) and zona radiata proteins (ZRPs), are also inducible in males exposed to estrogenic chemicals. Male sheepshead minnows (SHM) were exposed to both E(2) and para-nonylphenol (NP), at several doses and times to determine a dose-response. Quantitative real time PCR was used to measure mRNA for VTG1, VTG2, ZRP2 and ZRP3. Both E(2) and NP elicited a dose-response increase in all of the mRNAs tested. Exposure to both chemicals resulted in VTG2 expression at about a 10-fold lower level than VTG1, and ZRP2 expression at a lower level than ZRP3.     

黄土,还要更老些

对内蒙奈曼旗、西安刘家坡和兰田肖官寨三个剖面所作的古地磁地层学研究表明,这三个剖面中黄土地层的下界都处于高斯正向期之中.其年龄为266万年,而不是公认的240万年.     

Proton production in relativistic heavy ion collisions; comparison with a thermodynamical model

Experimental results concerning proton production in nuclear collisions, obtained at Saturne with the Diogene 4 pi facility, are compared with the predictions of a thermodynamical model, using collective velocity distributions combined with a statistical thermodynamics in local rest frames. Experimental differential cross sections for alpha + nucleus and Neon + nucleus central collisions at incident energies between 200 and 800 MeV per nucleon are well reproduced by the model, for an angular range 30-110 degrees in the laboratory system. Extracted values of the temperatures are compared with those given by other authors.     

Clay aquitards as archives of holocene paleoclimate: delta18O and thermal profiling

Paleoclimatic conditions in the Holocene were reconstructed from a detailed vertical profile of pore water delta(18)O and a series of downhole thermal profiles at a thick, hydrogeologically simple, aquitard research site in the Northern Great Plains of Saskatchewan. Reconstructions were obtained using the theory of one-dimensional diffusive transport and an empirical Bayesian inversion technique. Inversion of the delta(18)O profile shows that input signal consists of a sudden increase of +6 per thousand (corresponding to a temperature increase of about 18 degrees C) at about 12,000 years before present (BP), after which no measurable change in delta(18)O is apparent to present day. This research shows, at this location, that there is no evidence of large amplitude temperature shifts in the Holocene and supports the commonly used assumption in ground water studies of constant atmospheric delta(18)O values throughout the Holocene. Inversion of the temperature profiles suggests the ground surface temperature increased primarily in the last half of the 20th century, with a peak temperature (about 3 degrees C) circa 1990. For both profiles, the ability to resolve historical variability decays rapidly with time. For the temperature profiles, the decay in resolution precluded the development of reliable estimates of climatic conditions prior to about 1950 and, in the case of the delta(18)O profile, it prevented the precise definition of climate changes (e.g., Hypsithermal and Little Ice Age) in the Holocene.