Organochlorines and dioxin-like compounds in green-lipped mussels Perna viridis from Hong Kong mariculture zones

Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) pesticides and dioxin-like compounds were measured in green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, collected from seven mariculture zones in Hong Kong between September and October in 2002 in order to evaluate the status, spatial distribution and potential sources of pollution in these areas. Concentrations ranged from 300 to 4400 ng/g lipid weight for total OCs and 170–1000 ng/g lipid weight for total PCBs (based on 28 congeners). Relatively smaller DDT concentrations in mussels compared with previous studies suggest reduced discharges of DDTs from nearby regions into Hong Kong waters. Detection of a mixture of HCH isomers in the mussels indicated that Hong Kong waters were predominantly contaminated by technical HCHs rather than lindane. Mussel samples from all sampling locations elicited significant dioxin-like activity in the H4IIE-luc bioassay. The greatest magnitude of dioxin-like response (39 pg TEQ/g wet wt.) was detected in mussels from Ma Wan in the western waters of Hong Kong, which is strongly influenced by the Pearl River discharge. Human health risk assessment was undertaken to evaluate potential risks associated with the consumption of the green-lipped mussels. Risk quotient (RQ) for dioxin-like compounds was greater than unity suggesting that adverse health effects may be associated with high mussel consumption.     

Constraints on spatial variability in soft-sediment communities affected by contamination from an Antarctic waste disposal site

A small-scale (<500 m length) transect-based survey was conducted in December 1998 to examine the spatial distribution of soft-sediment communities and of concentrations of heavy metals and hydrocarbons in sediments in Brown Bay, adjacent to an abandoned waste dump, at Casey Station, Antarctica. Samples were taken along three transects at increasing distances (nine stations) from the shore-line waste dump. A gradient of contamination was detected, but concentrations of contaminants were very variable with "hotspots" or high levels of contaminants at some stations. Multivariate analysis revealed that the distribution of soft-sediment communities was distinctly different between the inner, middle and outer stations. Abundances of most taxa were very variable with few patterns apparent, but some fauna displayed an abundance gradient from the inner to the outer part of the bay. Many taxa had maximum abundances at outer stations and minimum at inner stations. Multivariate correlations between environmental variables and soft-sediment communities indicated that combinations of some metals (Cd, Cu, Sn, Pb) and grain size (mainly finer fractions, fine sands and coarse silts) were the variables that best "matched" the community patterns within Brown Bay. This study indicated that there were significant correlations between the presence of contaminants and the distribution and composition of soft-sediment communities over very small spatial scales.     

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊与地下水的补给来源及化学组成(英文)

Based on the analysis of ion chemical composition of lake water and shallow groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert, this paper discussed the characteristics of ion chemical composition, spatial variation of lake water, and possible supply sources of lake water and groundwater in the desert areas. The results show that the pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity of the lake water are greater than those of groundwater. The ion con-tents of water samples are dominated by Na+ and Cl?. Most of the higher salinity lakes are Na (K)-Cl-(SO4) type, and a few of low salinity lakes belong to the Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type. Most of the groundwater is Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type, attributed to subsaline lake, and only a few present the Na-Cl-SO4 type, flowing under saline lake. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the southeastern lakes are relatively low, and there are slightly alkaline lakes. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the northern lakes are much greater than those of the southeastern lakes, and the northern lakes are moderately alkaline and saline ones. In the southeastern part of the Badain Jaran Desert, the ion chemical characteristics of the lake water from south to north show a changing trend of sub-saline →saline→hypersaline. The changing trend of chemical compositions of ions in recent 9 years indicates that most of the ion contents have a shade of reduction in Boritaolegai, Badain, Nuoertu and Huhejilin lakes, which state clearly that the amount of fresh water supply is increasing in the 9-year period. The ion chemical composition of the lake water reveals that the flow direction of lake water is from southeast to northwest in the Badain Jaran Desert. The ion chemical composition, moisture content of sand layer water level height and hierarchical cluster analysis of the lake water and groundwater demonstrate that the lake water is mainly supplied by local rainfall and infiltration of precipitation in Yabulai Mountains and Heishantou Mountain, and the supply from the Qilian Mountains is almost impossible.     

关中平原全新世土壤与环境研究

根据蓝田田家村、长安四府村、西安吴家坟和岐山雍川村剖面样品的粒度分析、CaCO3含量测定和微结构的鉴定资料得知,关中平原全新世中期形成的土壤S0具有明显的淀积粘化特征和现代沉积间断条件下发育的土壤剖面特点,该层土壤的构成物质至少有一部分是由先前形成的黄土经成壤作用改造而成的。关中平原S0的粘化类型不仅可以指示当地温湿的气候环境和很少有沙尘暴活动,而且它与西北荒漠区全新世千年尺度上的环境变化存在遥相关关系。全新世晚期发育的黄土L0是在相对冷干条件下形成的狭义土壤,它具有明显的残积粘化和残积—淀积粘化特征,它发育在沙尘暴连续堆积的条件下,形成了厚度大发育弱的粘化层和厚度大而均匀分布的CaCO3淀积层。全新世黄土剖面特征显示,在风尘连续堆积条件下发育的土壤可以不具有明显的剖面分层,厚度可以大于2 m。关中平原全新世L0发育时的气候与西北荒漠区的气候也存在遥相关关系。     

First astronomical detection of the cumulene carbon chain molecule H2C6 in TMC-1

The cumulene carbenes are important components of hydrocarbon chemistry in low-mass star-forming cores. Here we report the first astronomical detection of the long-chain cumulene carbene H2C6 in the interstellar cloud TMC-1, from observations of two of its rotational transitions: J(K,K') = 7(1,7) --> 6(1,6) at 18.8 GHz and 8(1,8) --> 7(1,7) at 21.5 GHz, using NASA's Deep Space Network 70 m antenna at Goldstone, California. In addition we also observed the shorter cumulene carbene H2C4 at the same position. The fractional abundance of H2C6 relative to H2 is about 4.7 x 10(-11) and that of H2C4 is about 4.1 x 10(-9). The abundance of H2C6 is in fairly good agreement with gas-phase chemical models for young molecular cloud cores, but the abundance of H2C4 is significantly larger than predicted.     

细粒松散沉积地层中垂直循环带岩溶划分

根据细粒松散沉积中CaCO3 含量及p H值测定资料所指示的岩溶作用差异,将前人确定的垂直循环带划分为3个亚带。第一亚带为上部的非饱和循环强溶蚀带,第二亚带为中部的过饱和循环沉淀带,第三亚带为下部的不稳定循环弱溶蚀- 弱沉淀带。这3个亚带对CO2 在垂向上的循环有重要指示作用。第一亚带底界是来自大气降水及土壤中CO2 对岩溶作用强烈影响的下界,第二亚带指示到达该带的岩溶水的CO2 基本消耗完毕,第三亚带指示该带之下如要发生明显的岩溶作用则需要除垂向之外的其它CO2 来源      

关中平原500—10kgBP黄土地层岩溶作用研究

根据关中平原黄土了却 岩溶作用产物的研究,可将该区５００－１０ｋａＢＰ黄土地层岩溶作用分为北亚热 －溶蚀型,湿暖湿润带强溶蚀－侵蚀型,温冷半湿润带中溶蚀－侵蚀型和温冷半干旱带弱溶蚀－侵蚀型４种。     

黄土高原发展过程中的五大转折

1 Introduction W hatim portanttransform ations have taken place during the form ation ofthe Loess Plateau in China? Research on this problem has especially im portantscientific significance forus to learn ofthe evolution oftheLoessPlateau and predictthe f…