越南中新世滨海炭酸盐岩隆

越南滨海碳酸盐岩多种多样,其中,受巨大的断层控制并因抬升而遭受广泛淋滤作用的大岩隆可以形成最好的储层。多数具有等储集性能的储发育于分布范围很广的台地相和断层下盘顶部的小岩隆中。本文讨论各种不同类型碳酸盐岩的岩层,岩相,成岩作用和储层性质。     

Efficacy of adapted estuarine fish-based multimetric indices as tools for evaluating ecological status of the marine environment

The assessment of ecological status of marine fish communities required by the marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) emphasises the need for fish-based ecological indices in marine waters. In this study we adapt five estuarine multimetric indices to the marine environment and apply them in three types of substrates, analysing the metrics responsible for the obtained patterns of ecological status. The results show inefficiency of the community degradation index (CDI) and the biological health index (BHI) in ecological status assessment and disagreement between the estuarine biotic integrity index (EBI), the estuarine fish community index (EFCI) and the transitional fish classification index (TFCI). Analysis of individual metrics suggests lack of representativeness and consideration for the particularities of each substrate’s typical fish communities. None of the tested indices were efficient on the marine environment, urging the need for new marine indices that account for differences between types of substrate and depth.     

How useful are port surveys focused on target pest identification for exotic species management?

Monitoring surveys are an important tool for detecting new arrivals of exotic species, for documenting patterns of invasion, and exotic species impacts. Faced with time and cost constraints, these surveys are increasingly focused on lists of target pest species, identified as being most likely to arrive and cause significant harm. We used the national survey of Australian international ports for introduced marine pests as a case study to assess: (1) the taxonomic rigor of surveys focused on detection of target species; and (2) how the ability of port surveys to inform invasion patterns is dependent on taxonomic approach. Our analysis of the 46 available reports revealed common sub-optimal taxonomic practices that compromised their utility to identify abiotic conditions that are good predictors of biological invasion. Thus, although surveys for target species may provide information on the distribution of a handful of species, they may fail to do much else.     

Does heavy oil pollution induce bacterial diseases in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus?

As basic research for the effect of heavy oil on the fish immune system, in this study, the number of leukocyte was counted in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, after exposure to heavy oil at a concentration of 30 g/8L for 3 days. To compare the numbers of bacteria in the skin mucus between oil-exposed and control fish, viable bacteria were enumerated by counting colony forming unit (CFU). Compared with 5.79+/-1.88 x 10(7)leukocytes/mL in the controls, the exposed fish demonstrated higher counts, averaging 1.45+/-0.45 x 10(8)cells/mL. The bacterial numbers of control fish were 4.27+/-3.68 x 10(4)CFU/g, whereas they were 4.58+/-1.63 x 10(5)CFU/g in the exposed fish. The results suggest that immune suppression of the fish occurred due to heavy oil stressor, and bacteria could invade in the mucus, resulting in the increasing leukocyte number to prevent infectious disease.     

Comparative petroleum hydrocarbons levels and biochemical responses in mussels from hydrothermal vents (Bathymodiolus azoricus) and coastal environments (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs in the whole soft tissues of Bathymodiolus azoricus from three Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents (Menez-Gwen, Lucky Strike and Rainbow), and Mytilus galloprovincialis from three contaminated coastal sites in South Portugal were analysed, and its effects on the digestive gland microsomes mixed-function oxygenase system (MFO) were assessed. Aliphatic hydrocarbons levels were present in the same magnitude in both coastal and hydrothermal environments, while the UCM (unresolved complex mixture) for coastal mussels were higher than in vent mussels. In general, significantly higher PAHs concentrations were found in coastal mussels, compared to B. azoricus where low molecular weight PAHs (2-3 rings) represented the majority of PAHs contrarily to what was observed in M. galloprovincialis. The MFO components were present in both mussel species, and were detected in vent mussels for the first time. However this system seems to have different roles in species from these contrasting environments. In coastal mussels MFO responded to hydrocarbon contamination while response in hydrothermal organisms appeared to be related mainly to endogenous factors.     

秦岭太白山顶近千年来的环境变化

秦岭太白山中世纪温暖期主要为松林或松林灌丛与寒温针叶林交替；小冰期为亚高山草甸，灌丛与寒温针叶林交替。中世纪温暖期年龄温比今高０．５－２℃、降水量增加２００ｍｍ左右。小冰期年均温比今低０．５－１℃，降水量与气温正相关。     

Biological and ecological factors related to trace element levels in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from European waters

Selected trace elements (Cd, Cu, Hg, Se, Zn) were measured in the kidneys and the liver of 104 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the coasts of France, Galicia (Spain), Ireland, Scotland (UK), and the Netherlands. Generally, relatively low concentrations of toxic elements were encountered in the tissues of European porpoises, except for two individuals, which displayed high hepatic Hg concentrations. Also, elevated Cd levels obtained in Scottish porpoises could be related to their feeding preferences and this result suggests an increase of the proportion of cephalopods in their diet with latitude. Moreover, significant geographical differences were seen in hepatic Zn concentrations; the elevated Zn concentrations displayed by porpoises from the Netherlands may relate their poor health status. Variation in metal concentrations within porpoises from the North Sea is likely to reflect a long-term segregation between animals from northern (Scotland) and southern areas (the Netherlands), making trace elements powerful ecological tracers.     

渭河渭南段高漫滩沉积记录的洪水研究

本文根据渭河渭南段两个典型高漫滩沉积剖面中和2005年洪水沉积中376个样品的粒度分析,并结合历史文献资料研究了高漫滩沉积层代表的洪水变化。结果表明, 渭河高漫滩洪水沉积以粉砂和极细砂为主, 分层明显,分辨率高,能够指示洪水频次、洪水位高度和洪水动力。两个剖面厚度为约5.3m,均可分为19个层位,指示至少发生了19次较大规模的洪水。粒度分析确定的19个洪水阶段与历史文献记录的大洪水阶段基本一致。粒度参数Md、Mz、σ、Sk、Kg在剖面各层差异明显,也指示了各阶段洪水的差异。 其中WN1剖面中第15、14、10、3、12、4、13、6、8、2阶段洪水发生时高漫滩上的洪水深度大于2005年渭南渭河高漫滩上16m的洪水深度,当时河床之上的洪水深度大于81m,其余洪水阶段发生时河床之上的洪水深度接近或略小于81m,是当时发生了大洪水或中等规模洪水的显示。根据渭河流域近代大洪水发生年的降水条件确定,WN1、WN2剖面多数阶段洪水的发生是当年降水量的显著增加造成的。     

武家堡剖面古地磁新资料

陕西华县赤水武家堡地层剖面以其独特的岩性结构及出露情况而受到广泛的关注。原因在于:(1) 上部为黄土,下部为三门组的湖相沉积,这便为研究湖相地层与黄土地层的关系以及汾渭地堑盆地的演化史提供了条件。(2) 武家堡剖面为研究三门组提供了一个最完整的天然剖面,这在三门峡地区和渭南附近都是没有的。(3) 该剖面包含着可能的第四纪与第三纪界线,地层连续,出露条件好,便于接近。在提高研