西安北郊渭河河漫滩沉积与洪水事件

根据西安北郊相家巷河漫滩沉积剖面中180个样品的颗粒分析和历史文献资料记载,研究了西安北郊相家巷漫滩沉积代表的洪水事件。研究表明:西安北郊相家巷剖面洪水沉积分层明显,对洪水的发生和短期降水量变化反映清楚。相家巷剖面洪水沉积厚度约为5.40m,可划分为28个层,指示发生了28次大小不同的洪水事件。剖面中的洪水沉积以中、粗砂和细砂为主,指示当时的洪水规模比近120年来关中渭河洪水明显大。这28次洪水事件发生时高漫滩上的洪水深度均大于2.2m,剖面中的第12、14、19~28层代表特大洪水事件。西安北郊相家巷洪水沉积代表的大规模洪水主要是由当年降水量的明显增加引起的。     

利用三维地震资料勘探下白垩统（加拿大艾伯塔）下切河谷砂岩风险…

与下白垩统下切河道砂岩储层有关的常见勘探风险包括：（１）页岩与砂岩的区分，以及（２）来自下伏古生界不整合和较年龄Ｍａｎｎｖｉｌｌｅ煤层的地震干扰造成的反射模糊。在艾伯塔卡尔加里以东，在１９９５年期间钻探了两口井，钻后评价进一步强调了预测下白垩统Ｍａｎｎｖｉｌｌｅ群内Ｇｌａｕｃｏｎｉｔｉｃ组的页岩和砂岩充填河谷体系的复杂性。通过利用综合地球物理和地质反演方法能够更好地了解砂岩－页岩混合地区下切河谷体     

Marine debris from the Oregon Dungeness crab fishery recovered in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: identification and oceanic drift paths

Two Dungeness crab trap tags and floats lost off the State of Oregon, USA during the 2006-2007 fishing season were recovered 4years later in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI): on Lisianski Island on July 15, 2010; and on Kure Atoll on December 10, 2010. This is the first documented recovery of marine debris from Oregon fisheries in the NWHI. We simulate the oceanic drift tracks of the derelict fishing gear with the Ocean Surface Current Simulator (OSCURS) model using estimated loss dates in Oregon based on interviews with the crab trap owners and known recovery sites and dates in the NWHI. These data confirm the US Pacific Northwest as a source of marine debris deposited in the NWHI and provide enhanced understanding of the oceanic drift pathways of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean.     

MTBE and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water of the United States

The occurrence of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and gasoline hydrocarbons was examined in three types of studies of ground water conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey: major aquifer surveys, urban land-use studies, and agricultural land-use studies. The detection frequency of MTBE was dependent on the study type, with the highest detection frequency in urban land-use studies. Only 13 ground water samples from all study types, or 0.3%, had concentrations of MTBE that exceeded the lower limit of the U.S. EPA's Drinking-Water Advisory. The detection frequency of MTBE was highest in monitoring wells located in urban areas and in public supply wells. The detection frequency of any gasoline hydrocarbon also was dependent on study type and generally was less than the detection frequency of MTBE. The probability of detecting MTBE in ground water was strongly associated with population density, use of MTBE in gasoline, and recharge. Ground water in areas with high population density, in areas where MTBE is used as a gasoline oxygenate, and in areas with high recharge rates had a greater probability of MTBE occurrence. Also, ground water from public supply wells and shallow ground water underlying urban land-use areas had a greater probability of MTBE occurrence compared to ground water from domestic wells and ground water underlying rural land-use areas. The probability of detecting MTBE in ground water was weakly associated with the density of leaking underground storage tanks, soil permeability, and aquifer consolidation, and only concentrations of MTBE >0.5 microg/L were associated with dissolved oxygen.     

西安北郊草店村河漫滩沉积与洪水变化

根据野外考察、粒度分析及历史文献资料,研究了西安北郊草店村剖面在距今900~660 a形成的渭河漫滩沉积和洪水变化。结果表明,在距今900~660 a形成的草店村剖面洪水沉积分层明显,能够指示洪水事件和洪水深度。草店村剖面洪水沉积厚度为5.25 m,可划分为26个沉积层,指示了26次规模不同的洪水事件。洪水沉积厚度和粒度成分显示,草店村剖面的26个洪水事件发生时河漫滩上的洪水深度均大于2.2m;剖面下部第17~第26层沉积时漫滩上的洪水深度为4.0~7.0 m,河床水深为6.2~8.5 m;中部第8~第16层沉积时漫滩上的洪水深度为3.0~5.0 m,河床水深为6.6~9.0 m左右;上部第1~第7层沉积时漫滩上的洪水深度为2.2~3.0 m,河床水深为7.2~8.6 m。草店村剖面中部和下部的洪水沉积以中砂和细砂为主,剖面上部以粉砂和极细砂为主,指示的洪水规模比距今120 a来西安渭河洪水显著大。草店村剖面中的第12、16~26层代表的是特大洪水事件。西安北郊渭河在距今900~660 a发生的大洪水主要是由当年降水量的明显增加引起的。     

陕西洛川黄土剖面上部土层水分入渗规律与含水条件研究

采用双环入渗法研究了洛川L1—S4各层土壤水分入渗特点,并利用各层孔隙度、磁化率、CaCO3含量资料研究了各层土壤含水空间发育特征及其成因。结果表明:洛川城西剖面黄土层稳定入渗率大于红褐色古土壤层,水分入渗达到稳定状态所需的时间比红褐色古土壤层长。黄土层孔隙度高,含水空间较大,利于形成含水层;红褐色古土壤层孔隙度低,含水空间较小,利于形成隔水层。土层含水空间的大小是由气候条件控制的成壤作用强弱造成的。黄土层含水性较好是冷干气候决定的成壤作用较弱造成的,红褐色古土壤层隔水性较好是温湿气候决定的成壤作用较强造成的。对剖面渗水实验数据用3个入渗公式进行拟合,发现通常采用的3个经验公式均适用于描述L1—S4土壤入渗规律。