贵阳—独山地区影像构造研究

贵州贵阳—独山地区构造在TM影像上具有较高的可识别性。本次构造解译以Land-sat-7TM为数据源,选择各波段之间相关系数最小的TM7、TM4、TM1波段合成假彩色图像,采用人机交互的目视解译方法对褶皱、断裂构造、环形构造等三类遥感构造进行了解译,解译结果与野外填图的构造调查结果对比,吻合度较好。     

涌潮河口底摩擦系数伴随资料同化研究

为更合理选取涌潮河口的底摩擦系数,基于无结构三角网格和有限体积法,建立了适用于反演潮汐涌潮河口底摩擦系数随空间和涨、落潮变化的伴随资料同化模型。一系列"孪生"实验均较精确地反演出了给定底摩擦系数。孪生实验表明底摩擦系数的空间分布会影响反演的精度,也表明充足的观测数据资料能够提高反演的准确性。利用实测数据进行了钱塘江河口伴随同化实验,得到涨、落潮底摩擦系数分别为0.000149和0.001520(相当于曼宁系数为0.012206和0.038987),利用该值模拟出了潮波变形和涌潮形成等现象,验证了前人在钱塘江河口数值模拟时关于底摩擦系数选取经验的合理性,反映了钱塘江河口底摩擦"涨小落大"的实质。     

格尔木河水质现状及生态风险评估

为了了解经济迅速发展背景下格尔木河流域水体中痕量元素分布、水环境质量现状和生态风险,对格尔木河9个采样点水样21种痕量元素的分布及相关性进行了分析,以Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd、Cr和Pb为目标重金属,评估了格尔木河水质现状及生态风险。结果表明：重金属Pb浓度在所有水样中均低于检出限,其它痕量元素浓度在0.001(Cd) ~ 6297.013(Sr) μg?L<sub><sup>-1</sup></sub>范围变化。根据相关性分析,推测格尔木河水体中Li、Sc、Ti、V、Cu、Ge、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd来源可能相同。采样点水样6种重金属浓度均达到地表水环境质量I类的标准。采用5种方法评价了格尔木河水质现状,结果表明研究区水质处于无污染的理想状态。格尔木河重金属引发的潜在生态风险处于低风险水平(生态风险指数变化范围为0.35~0.68)。     

0-10 KM TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY PROFILES RETRIEVAL FROM GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE RADIOMETER

Deviation exists between measured and simulated microwave radiometer sounding data. The bias results in low-accuracy atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles simulated by Back Propagation artificial neural network models. This paper evaluated a retrieving atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles method by adopting an input data adjustment-based Back Propagation artificial neural networks model. First, the sounding data acquired at a Nanjing meteorological site in June 2014 are inputted into the MonoRTM Radiative transfer model to simulate atmospheric downwelling radiance at the 22 spectral channels from 22.234GHz to 58.8GHz, and we performed a comparison and analysis of the real observed data; an adjustment model for the measured microwave radiometer sounding data was built. Second, we simulated the sounding data of the 22 channels using the sounding data acquired at the site from 2011 to 2013. Based on the simulated rightness temperature data and the sounding data, BP neural network-based models were trained for the retrieval of atmospheric temperature, water vapor density and relative humidity profiles. Finally, we applied the adjustment model to the microwave radiometer sounding data collected in July 2014, generating the corrected data. After that, we inputted the corrected data into the BP neural network regression model to predict the atmospheric temperature, vapor density and relative humidity profile at 58 high levels from 0 to 10 km. We evaluated our model’s effect by comparing its output with the real measured data and the microwave radiometer’s own second-level product. The experiments showed that the inversion model improves atmospheric temperature and humidity profile retrieval accuracy; the atmospheric temperature RMS error is between 1K and 2.0K; the water vapor density’s RMS error is between 0.2 g/m3 and 1.93g/m3; and the relative humidity’s RMS error is between 2.5% and 18.6%.     

卫星气溶胶光学厚度资料同化对灰霾预报改进个例研究

面对日益严峻的大气污染形势,针对卫星气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）资料在灰霾数值预报领域的合理有效利用问题,使用WRF-Chem（WRF coupled with Chemistry）大气化学模式以及GSI（Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation）三维变分同化系统,利用MODIS和FY-3A/MERSI AOD资料,对一次灰霾天气过程进行了同化预报试验。试验结果显示,同化卫星AOD资料有效改善了模式初始场,MODIS和MERSI同化试验分别在AOD分析场的中心强度和空间分布各具优势,且对PM_2.5和PM₁₀的后续预报改进明显;从统计分析上看,同化试验的预报效果整体上好于控制试验,同化试验中PM_2.5和PM₁₀预报值的平均值、中值、平均偏差、均方根误差等指标均明显优于控制试验,且MODIS和MERSI同化试验分别在PM_2.5和PM₁₀预报统计结果中体现出了优势;卫星AOD资料同化能明显降低污染事件的空报率和漏报率,提高预报的TS评分和ETS评分。不同卫星AOD资料的差异对分析场中AOD的分布和强度产生了相应影响,进而影响了模式的灰霾预报效果;本次试验中,MODIS和MERSI AOD同化试验分别在PM_2.5和PM₁₀预报的评分上表现更佳。结果表明,卫星AOD资料同化对数值预报产生了积极的效果。      

一种根据湿对流区域时空分布调整的BGM扰动改进方案

在增长模繁殖法(Breeding of the Growing Mode,BGM)的动态繁殖过程中,尺度化因子的选择极为关键。利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,在分析飑线系统数值模拟误差增长机制的基础上,根据飑线发展过程中湿对流区域误差更容易快速增长的特点,提出了一种根据湿对流区域时空分布调整的BGM初始扰动改进方案。该方案通过在动态繁殖过程中对小扰动的水平结构进行调整,加强湿对流区域扰动,捕获到增长最快方向上的小扰动并将其作为初始扰动。试验结果表明:根据降水量调整的改进方案相比其他方案扰动能量较大,各集合成员之间差异也较大,集合平均预报误差较小;对强降水范围的模拟相对理想,暴雨的降水评分较高;对风廓线及水汽场的预报更接近于实况,较好地改善了集合预报效果。     

新北油田沉积特征及对油气成藏的影响

新北油田位于渤海湾盆地垦东潜山披覆构造带北部,勘探开发还处于起步阶段。为了解新北油田储层特征、认识油田成藏规律,基于垦东地区勘探的实践,对新北油田的地层特征、沉积特征及油藏特征进行了研究。新北油田沉积体系自下而上为：古近系湖泊相、新近系河流相（辫状河、曲流河和网状河沉积相）;辫状河沉积包括心滩（河道砂坝）和河床滞留两种沉积亚相,曲流河沉积包括河道、堤岸、泛滥平原3种沉积亚相,网状河沉积包括泛滥平原和河道两种沉积亚相;曲流河沉积相是新北油田最主要的储集层,边滩、心滩沉积亚相储油物性最好。以上研究结果表明新北油田沉积特征对油气成藏有较强控制作用,油藏类型以岩性油气藏为主。     

220kV盐津变电所填土边坡稳定性研究

针对该填土边坡,介绍了边坡的地质环境背景,描述了该边坡的变形特征,并从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件等场地条件和人类活动等方面对边坡的变形机制进行了分析.结果表明:边坡变形模式是一种推移式蠕滑变形,场地平整填方加载是造成边坡变形的诱发因素,不良的地形地貌、地质结构和地下水条件是导致边坡蠕滑变形的内在因素.基于饱和三轴崮结不排水剪(CU)和排水剪(CD)试验、直剪与反复直剪试验以及岩块单轴抗压强度试验,通过反分析合理地确定了计算参数,通过有限差分软件FLAC3D如对填土边坡进行了变形破坏分析和加固后的稳定性评价.研究结果表明:天然状态下安全系数为1.10:填方堆载后其安全系数为1.03,坡体接近临界状态:抗滑加固后边坡的安全系数为1.27.因此,加固后边坡处于稳定状态.     

Ideal Case Study of Adaptive Localization in Storm-scale Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation

This study explores the use of the hierarchical ensemble filter to determine the localized influence of ob-servations in the Weather Research and Forecasting ensemble square root filtering (WRF-EnSRF) assimilation system. With error correlations between observations and background field state variables considered, the adaptive localization approach is applied to conduct a series of ideal storm-scale data assimilation experiments using simulated Doppler radar data. Comparisons between adaptive and empirical localization methods are made, and the feasibility of adaptive locali-zation for storm-scale ensemble Kalman filter assimilation is demonstrated. Unlike empirical localization, which relies on prior knowledge of distance between observations and background field, the hierarchical ensemble filter provides con-tinuously updating localization influence weights adaptively. The adaptive scheme improves assimilation quality during rapid storm development and enhances assimilation of reflectivity observations. The characteristics of both the observation type and the storm development stage should be considered when identifying the most appropriate localization method. Ultimately, combining empirical and adaptive methods can optimize assimilation quality.     

乌鲁木齐“2015.12.11”极端暴雪天气的综合分析*

2015年12月11日乌鲁木齐及周边地区的暴雪天气是一次极端暴雪过程,环流形势具有夏季强降雨特征和一定的极端性,南北低值系统结合、高低空"4支气流"汇合为暴雪提供了有利的大尺度环流背景。较好的水汽、动力条件是极端暴雪的重要成因,水汽长时间通过西南和偏西路径输送至暴雪区,并在700 hPa以下辐合和聚集,中低层辐合、高层辐散的空间配置有利于上升运动的发展和维持,低层上升运动增强较5 min降雪强度增强提前5~10 min。地面中β尺度辐合中心和辐合线出现1~2 h后强降雪(降雪强度均1.0 mm/h)出现,雷达回波上零速度区的"S"形结构的出现时间与强降雪时段有一定对应,此次暴雪中GRAPES中尺度数值产品子页报能力好于ECMWF。