泥浆性质对泥水盾构开挖面泥膜形成质量影响

泥水盾构以压力泥浆支护开挖面,泥膜的形成对开挖面稳定非常重要,尤其在高渗透性地层,泥浆极易穿透地层直接渗出而不能形成所需的支护压力。以南京长江隧道为背景,详细阐述了泥膜的作用原理及泥膜质量的评价指标,并通过自行设计的成膜装置开展泥浆性质对泥水盾构开挖面泥膜形成质量的影响试验研究。试验结果表明,泥浆颗粒级配及密度相同时,泥浆粘度高,物理稳定性好,则泥膜形成容易,形成泥膜薄、致密,滤水量小。试验结果对泥水盾构施工具有指导意义。     

绿色化学的进展

绿色化学是一门从源头上阻止污染的化学,近年来这方面的研究主要是围绕化学反应,原料,催化剂,溶剂和产品的绿色化开展的。根据这条主线,评述了绿色化学的一些主要研究进展。最后,介绍了国内绿色化学的活动。     

Migration of Some Elements and Radionuclides across aGranite-Granite Contact Zone: A Natural Analoguefor Safe Disposal of High-Level Radwastes

Elements and natural radionuclides in the contact zone of two granites with different ages would migrate from one to the other because of the difference in their chemical contents and later water-rock interactions. This migration could serve as an analogue for the near-field process of radwastes in a high-level radwaste deep geological disposal repository.In the contact between the Indosinian granite (whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age at 214@3 Ma) and Hercynian granite (zircon U-Pb isochron age at 296@31 Ma) located in Ziyuan County, Guangxi, the O and Pb isotope characteristics and the activity ratios of 234U/238U, 230Th/238U, 230Th/234U and 226Ra/230Th show that, based on the whole-rock chemical contents, both of the two granites have maintained a relatively open chemical system in their evolution processes. However, as there is no obvious open fault, the migration of major elements, trace elements and natural U-series nu-clides takes place within only 1-2 m in the contact zone, and water-rock interaction     

CCN浓度对安徽一次强对流天气影响的数值模拟

应用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,采用NSSL初始CCN数据(C=600 cm~(-3)、k=0.6)及南京北郊观测拟合数据(C=4 000 cm~(-3)、k=0.47)对安徽省一次强对流天气进行模拟。结果发现CCN浓度(CASE2)增大后,所模拟的最大雷达反射率较初始情况(CASE1),在强度和云体宽度上更加接近实况,且CASE2生成了更多强对流单体;CASE2的降水落区较CASE1更为接近实况,且中心雨强大于CASE1,这主要由CASE2中第一个单体更强的降水导致,而两者第二个单体贡献值相近。在过程初期,CASE2中云水、冰晶粒子数浓度比CASE1更大,使得云水粒子冻结时释放出比CASE1更多的热量,从而使得云体发展更为旺盛;两者单位质量中雪晶质量和数浓度相差不大;CASE2比CASE1霰雹粒子比含水量更高,从而在融化过程中形成了更强的冷云降水。     

MCC降水过程集合预报不同物理过程扰动方案的对比试验研究

利用WRF模式,从模式的不确定性角度来构造中尺度的集合预报,重点对比分析了不同物理参数化方案、物理过程随机扰动方案、积云对流参数化敏感参数扰动方案对中尺度对流复合体降水集合预报的影响。试验结果表明:3种物理过程扰动方法都可以反映中尺度对流复合体降水预报的不确定性特征,其预报效果比控制预报好。物理过程随机扰动方案集合平均的降水落区及强度最接近实况,并且其降水的ETS评分要高于其他2种方案。从均方根误差与离散度的角度来看,3种方案中物理过程随机扰动的均方根误差要小于其他2种方案,而其离散度要大于其他2种方案,物理过程随机扰动方案要优于其他2种方案。     

三种海藻的热解特性及动力学分析

采用动力学分析方法对三种海藻(龙须菜、角叉菜和马尾藻)进行了热解和动力学分析。结果表明,角叉菜热稳定性最低,龙须菜和马尾藻的热稳定性相近;与马尾松等典型陆地高等植物相比,海藻的热稳定性都较低。采用Popescu法计算表明,AvramiErofeev方程可以用来描述三种海藻的主要挥发分脱除过程。在三种海藻中,角叉菜的平均活化能最低,这也表明其热稳定性最低。与马尾松等陆高等植物相比,海藻热解发生在较低的温区,且主要表现为放热效应,而马尾松等陆地高等植物热解发生在较高的温区,存在明显的吸热效应。     

Growth and Interactions of Multi-Source Perturbations in Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts

This study investigated the growth of forecast errors stemming from initial conditions (ICs), lateral boundary conditions (LBCs), and model (MO) perturbations, as well as their interactions, by conducting seven 36 h convection- allowing ensemble forecast (CAEF) experiments. Two cases, one with strong-forcing (SF) and the other with weak-forcing (WF), occurred over the Yangtze-Huai River basin (YHRB) in East China, were selected to examine the sources of uncertainties associated with perturbation growth under varying forcing backgrounds and the influence of these back- grounds on growth. The perturbations exhibited distinct characteristics in terms of temporal evolution, spatial propagation, and vertical distribution under different forcing backgrounds, indicating a dependence between perturbation growth and forcing background. A comparison of the perturbation growth in different precipitation areas revealed that IC and LBC perturbations were significantly influenced by the location of precipitation in the SF case, while MO perturbations were more responsive to convection triggering and dominated in the WF case. The vertical distribution of perturbations showed that the sources of uncertainties and the performance of perturbations varied between SF and WF cases, with LBC perturbations displaying notable case dependence. Furthermore, the interactions between perturbations were considered by exploring the added values of different source perturbations. For the SF case, the added values of IC, LBC, and MO perturbations were reflected in different forecast periods and different source uncertainties, suggesting that the combination of multi-source perturbations can yield positive interactions. In the WF case, MO perturbations provided a more accurate estimation of uncertainties downstream of the Dabie Mountain and need to be prioritized in the research on perturbation development.     

基于分布式感知深度神经网络的高分辨率PM2.5值估算

细颗粒物(PM2.5)个体暴露水平是健康效应研究中的关键问题,然而历史数据缺失和地面监测点覆盖范围小阻碍了相关研究.基于美国国家航空航天局遥感数据提供的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),融合地面监测、气象等多源数据进行建模来估算近地面PM2.5浓度,所得结果的空间覆盖范围广、时间连续性强、方法成本低.本文基于2018年京津冀鲁...     

利用地震矩和实时概率模型对中长期地震危险性进行评价——以东昆仑和阿尔金断裂为例

运用地震矩和实时概率模型,分别对东昆仑断裂带和阿尔金断裂带上的几个断裂段进行了地震危险性评估,得到的概率数据都属于小概率事件范围,说明未来100年内,这两个断裂带各段上发生与其历史上大小相当的地震的可能性很小。     

基于GNSS/INS/NHC理论模型的轨道平顺性检测方法研究

全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS)的定位精度、可靠性和稳定性受用户环境影响明显。为此,本文利用惯性导航系统(Inertial Navigation System, INS)的短期高精度定位特性和自主导航的优点,与GNSS进行数据融合,来弥补GNSS的缺点,并进一步基于Rauch-Tung-Striebel(RTS)滤波和非完整性约束(Non-Holonomic Constraint, NHC)模型,构建RTS滤波的GNSS/INS/NHC组合模型。通过处理和分析兰新高铁采集的GNSS/INS数据,结果表明,该方法的位置重复测量精度优于5 mm,水平姿态角重复测量精度优于0.005°,航向姿态角重复测量精度优于0.01°,该方法能有效检测出铁轨中存在的不平顺性问题。