The Role of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in the Construction of China’s National Park System and the Optimisation of the Protected Area System

Conservation-compatible development of rural communities is an important part of nature conservation objectives. Understanding the role of agriculture, which is often practiced in or bordering the protected areas in rural China, is critical for managing conservation networks considering that limited spatial areas are available for enclosed protected areas. Important Agricultural Heritage Systems stand out for their multi-functionality, and some of their values are compatible with nature conservation. This paper examined the concept, management objectives and resource management characteristics of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) by analysing their interactions with national parks in terms of community development. The results reveal that management strategies of dynamic conservation, integrated protection and adaptive management of the IAHS can contribute to those national park management objectives concerning conservation-compatible livelihood. However, the typology of the protected area system, including the traditional agricultural system as a new type, needs further consideration.     

Resident Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Resources and Associated Factors in Sanjiangyuan National Park,China

Willingness to Pay (WTP), Willingness to Work (WTW) and Willingness to Accept Compensation (WTA) are the three quantitative criteria for assessing local ecological asset values for the social aspects of ecosystem services and residents’ willingness to contribute to and receive compensation for tourism ecology. The objectives of this study are to estimate the residents’ willingness to pay, work and accept compensation for conservation at Sanjiangyuan National Park, and to analyze the relationship between residents’ attitude towards tourism ecology and the ecological assets of the National Park based on a standard questionnaire survey. The dichotomous choice Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was employed to determine the willingness. The survey conducted in 2018 collected WTP, WTW, WTA, socio-demFographical information, social trust and resident perceptions toward tourism impacts and relevant management strategies from 244 residents in two counties. Based on generalized linear modeling, income and education level are important for residents’ WTP and WTA, but other social characteristics, such as gender and age, do not have significant effects. The social trust is found to be a significant factor on residents’ willingness, despite the limitation on education level. Also, government funding is associated with residents’ inclination to WTP, WTW and WTA, but the support levels differ among the two counties due to geographical and social heterogeneities. The estimated WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park in 2018 were 1.2448×10 ⁷ yuan, 1.247×10 ⁶ hours and 2.3232×10 ⁷ yuan yr ^-1 based on the survey and published demographics. This study, for the first time, estimates the WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park and informs ecological conservation managers and policy makers. Ultimately, to maintain the long-term benefits arising from sustainable development, compensation should be specifically tailored and site-dependent, and development measures based on local resources should be adopted by governments to actively support eco-tourism activities.     

一种基于隐藏位置寻优的信息隐藏算法

提出一种以24位真彩色图像作为载体的信息隐藏技术。首先对载体图像进行颜色空间转换,把秘密信息嵌入在亮度分量的不重要位上,同时利用禁忌搜索算法在可替换空间寻找最优隐藏策略以实现较好的不可感知性。仿真实验表明,算法具有较好的隐藏效果,是一个有效的、实用的信息隐藏算法。     

HJ-1B 热红外波段在轨绝对辐射定标

针对HJ-1B 红外相机(IRS)热红外通道特点, 利用青海湖辐射校正场进行HJ-1B 热红外绝对辐射定标, 提 出新的场地定标算法, 并通过实测数据和Landsat5-TM数据对不同定标系数进行真实性检验分析, 发现该场地定标 算法获得的系数比原始系数精度提高约0.6%—3%, 总体精度为1K 左右。研究结果表明文章提出的定标算法适用 于不具备观测冷空间能力的卫星传感器在轨绝对辐射定标, 得到的定标系数合理可靠。     

不同数值模式对江淮地区梅汛期暴雨模拟的对比分析

从降水偏差特征、预报技巧和对象诊断分析3个角度评估了欧洲中期天气预报中心模式(EC)、华东区域中心区域数值模式(WARMS)和江苏区域模式(PWAFS)对2020年江淮地区梅汛期11次典型暴雨过程的预报性能,并分析了各模式的优点及不足。结果表明:(1)24 h观测日平均累计降水主要分布在大别山—江苏淮北以及大别山—皖南山区,相应的模式降水偏差大值区与主要雨带位置有较好的对应关系,其中,EC在大别山和皖南山区存在明显干偏差,在江苏淮北地区则出现系统性北偏。WARMS和PWAFS两种区域模式均在大别山和皖南山区上游地区和下游浙江地区出现大范围湿偏差,而在江苏淮北地区出现干偏差;(2)24 h预报技巧评分结果表明,EC对暴雨及以下量级的TS评分最高,但大暴雨量级PWAFS最优,原因是EC对大暴雨量级出现较高漏报。对比WARMS和PWAFS两家区域模式可见,PWAFS在几乎各量级的空报和漏报率都低于WARMS,因此TS评分也高于WARMS;(3)通过MODE对象诊断分析发现,EC对降水位置预报最稳定,PWAFS对降水强度和范围的预报效果最优,但对雨带位置的预报不够稳定。总得来说,PWAFS的预报性能略优于WARMS,与EC相比在对降水强度和雨带范围的刻画上也具有优势,但预报稳定性尚有待提高。     

Anomalies of geophysical field in deep crust and earthquakes in Central-South Shanxi

Comprehensive studies on the crustal structures, the anomalies of geophysical field and the seismicity in Central-South Shanxi are conducted. The research results show that there are deep tectonic background for occurring moderate earthquakes in Lingshi-Jiexiu region between Linfen and Taiyuan. From now on, the region should be attached closely.     

淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素

为研究淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体的补给水源及溶质来源,在现场调查的基础上,系统采集丰水期、平水期、枯水期沉陷区积水、地表河水和浅层地下水样进行测试分析,采用Piper三线图、Gibbs图和因子分析方法,对不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素进行讨论.结果表明:地表水水体总溶解性固体(TDS)质量浓度表现为枯水期丰水期平水期,浅层地下水表现为枯水期平水期丰水期,地表水TDS质量浓度明显高于浅层地下水.地表水中主要阴阳离子为Na~+、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-),水化学类型主要为SO_4~(2-)-Cl~--Na~+型;浅层地下水离子以HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)为主,表现为HCO_3~--Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)型.结合Gibbs图和因子分析可知,地表水受蒸发作用、地表径流以及采煤活动等因素影响,浅层地下水在一定程度上体现出大气降水和地表水补给的特点,受岩石风化作用影响较为明显.     

基于全球重要农业文化遗产的旅游开发研究——以青田稻鱼共生农业系统为例

文章探讨了对农业遗产进行旅游开发的特殊性,确定了在保护遗产的使命之下进行旅游开发的方式。文章认为：青田农业遗产旅游是一种综合型的生态旅游,而且以社区旅游的模式来组织旅游活动较合理。最后还提出了具体的开发思路和建议：通过典型生态旅游社区的构建,展示一个世外山村和谐的生产生活方式,让游客在村民生活和自然环境的充分接触中感受生活,营造现代人精神回归的心灵家园。在人与自然和谐系统之下,梳理出景区的旅游产品体系,包括研修教育、山村风情体验、乡土娱乐、山水休闲和文艺部落休闲等5个主要部分．     

LA-ICP-MS/FT方法在矿床保存研究中的应用——以赣东北德兴铜矿和银山铅锌矿床为例

矿床保存是成矿系统研究的重要组成部分,其中裂变径迹研究是揭示矿床保存条件和程度的有效手段之一。本文建立了LA-ICP-MS/FT方法,该方法获得磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值与已有外探测器法分析结果对比表明这一方法是可行的。基于此方法,对赣东北德兴铜矿与银山铅锌矿进行了磷灰石裂变径迹分析,得到了德兴成矿岩体的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄71.4±8.6 Ma,银山地区英安斑岩的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为77.1±8.3 Ma。这一结果表明,在区域整体抬升背景下,两个矿区均以较低的剥蚀抬升速率抬升至地表。两个矿区样品磷灰石平均裂变径迹围限长度分别为12.32±1.77μm和12.56±1.91μm,对应Dpar值为2.45±0.19μm和1.84±0.17μm,径迹长度频度分布属于单峰型,证实两个矿区为单向冷却过程且没有遭受后期明显的热扰动。进一步温度‒时间热模拟路径显示,德兴和银山在70 Ma前经历了快速隆升过程,然后开始缓慢抬升,到约20 Ma开始再次快速隆升。结合前人报道的U-Th/He定年结果,100 Ma以来,德兴可能比银山具有相对更高的隆升量(~1 km)。     

单体建筑物点云数据的CSF净化处理

从场景整体点云数据中提取单体建筑物的点云是建筑物单体三维建模的基础。然而,现有点云提取方法在提取建筑物点云数据时往往包含部分植被、地面等非建筑数据点,不利于建筑物对象建模。针对该问题,本文提出使用CSF方法对初步提取的建筑物点云数据进行净化处理。该方法首先将场景点云数据投影生成点云图像,根据图像特征初步提取单体建筑物点云数据;然后对获得的单体建筑物点云数据采用CSF方法进行净化处理,可以获得较为纯净的单体建筑物点云数据。本文以南京师范大学仙林校区部分区域为研究对象对该方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法可以较好地对建筑物点云数据进行净化,得到较为纯净的单体建筑物点云数据,为基于点云数据的建筑物单体模型构建打下了良好的基础。