暴雨过程中不同尺度运动性质演化的比较

通过设计合适的滤波器,对2001年9月18-20日华西暴雨过程中气象探测资料进行滤波处理,提取大、中尺度运动信息.在此基础上,通过对不同尺度运动信息的诊断分析,研究暴雨过程的不同阶段大、中尺度大气运动非平衡性质的演化及其对暴雨的影响,结果表明:在暴雨发生的不同阶段,大、中尺度运动的非平衡性质变化是不一样的,中尺度非平衡强迫对暴雨落区有重要影响.     

220kV盐津变电所填土边坡稳定性研究

针对该填土边坡,介绍了边坡的地质环境背景,描述了该边坡的变形特征,并从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件等场地条件和人类活动等方面对边坡的变形机制进行了分析.结果表明:边坡变形模式是一种推移式蠕滑变形,场地平整填方加载是造成边坡变形的诱发因素,不良的地形地貌、地质结构和地下水条件是导致边坡蠕滑变形的内在因素.基于饱和三轴崮结不排水剪(CU)和排水剪(CD)试验、直剪与反复直剪试验以及岩块单轴抗压强度试验,通过反分析合理地确定了计算参数,通过有限差分软件FLAC3D如对填土边坡进行了变形破坏分析和加固后的稳定性评价.研究结果表明:天然状态下安全系数为1.10:填方堆载后其安全系数为1.03,坡体接近临界状态:抗滑加固后边坡的安全系数为1.27.因此,加固后边坡处于稳定状态.     

新北油田沉积特征及对油气成藏的影响

新北油田位于渤海湾盆地垦东潜山披覆构造带北部,勘探开发还处于起步阶段。为了解新北油田储层特征、认识油田成藏规律,基于垦东地区勘探的实践,对新北油田的地层特征、沉积特征及油藏特征进行了研究。新北油田沉积体系自下而上为：古近系湖泊相、新近系河流相（辫状河、曲流河和网状河沉积相）;辫状河沉积包括心滩（河道砂坝）和河床滞留两种沉积亚相,曲流河沉积包括河道、堤岸、泛滥平原3种沉积亚相,网状河沉积包括泛滥平原和河道两种沉积亚相;曲流河沉积相是新北油田最主要的储集层,边滩、心滩沉积亚相储油物性最好。以上研究结果表明新北油田沉积特征对油气成藏有较强控制作用,油藏类型以岩性油气藏为主。     

Ideal Case Study of Adaptive Localization in Storm-scale Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation

This study explores the use of the hierarchical ensemble filter to determine the localized influence of ob-servations in the Weather Research and Forecasting ensemble square root filtering (WRF-EnSRF) assimilation system. With error correlations between observations and background field state variables considered, the adaptive localization approach is applied to conduct a series of ideal storm-scale data assimilation experiments using simulated Doppler radar data. Comparisons between adaptive and empirical localization methods are made, and the feasibility of adaptive locali-zation for storm-scale ensemble Kalman filter assimilation is demonstrated. Unlike empirical localization, which relies on prior knowledge of distance between observations and background field, the hierarchical ensemble filter provides con-tinuously updating localization influence weights adaptively. The adaptive scheme improves assimilation quality during rapid storm development and enhances assimilation of reflectivity observations. The characteristics of both the observation type and the storm development stage should be considered when identifying the most appropriate localization method. Ultimately, combining empirical and adaptive methods can optimize assimilation quality.     

乌鲁木齐“2015.12.11”极端暴雪天气的综合分析*

2015年12月11日乌鲁木齐及周边地区的暴雪天气是一次极端暴雪过程,环流形势具有夏季强降雨特征和一定的极端性,南北低值系统结合、高低空"4支气流"汇合为暴雪提供了有利的大尺度环流背景。较好的水汽、动力条件是极端暴雪的重要成因,水汽长时间通过西南和偏西路径输送至暴雪区,并在700 hPa以下辐合和聚集,中低层辐合、高层辐散的空间配置有利于上升运动的发展和维持,低层上升运动增强较5 min降雪强度增强提前5~10 min。地面中β尺度辐合中心和辐合线出现1~2 h后强降雪(降雪强度均1.0 mm/h)出现,雷达回波上零速度区的"S"形结构的出现时间与强降雪时段有一定对应,此次暴雪中GRAPES中尺度数值产品子页报能力好于ECMWF。     

EnKF局地化算法对雷达资料同化的影响研究

分级集合滤波(Hierarchical Ensemble Filter,HEF)和采样误差修正(Sampling Error Correction,SEC)局地化算法能够使采样误差取得极小值,且不需要给出距离的定义。为了检验其理论优势,基于集合卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Kalman Filter,En KF)方法同化模拟雷达资料,通过与Gaspari-Cohn(GC)局地化算法对比,分析不同局地化算法对En KF同化效果的影响。结果表明,HEF和SEC局地化算法的雷达回波在水平和垂直方向上均强于GC局地化算法。HEF局地化算法各个变量的离散度最高,均方根误差最低;SEC局地化算法离散度略低,均方根误差略高;GC局地化算法离散度最低,均方根误差最高。相比于GC局地化算法,HEF和SEC局地化算法的冷池强度减弱,面积减小,下沉气流的速度和范围增大,雹霰混合比的大小和覆盖面积增大。通过模拟发现,HEF局地化算法模拟的北侧对流中心最强,SEC局地化算法模拟的南侧对流中心最强,且模拟出(40 km,60 km)处的强对流中心。HEF局地化算法模拟的冷池强度最强,HEF和SEC局地化算法基本上模拟出北侧的雹霰混合比高值区。这表明HEF局地化算法有效地改进了基于GC局地化算法的En KF雷达资料同化效果,SEC局地化算法减小了计算量,是HEF局地化算法较好的近似。     

微物理方案及其参数对EnSRF资料同化的影响研究

利用自主构建的基于风暴尺度的WRF-En SRF系统同化模拟多普勒雷达资料,讨论了微物理方案及其参数的不确定性对同化效果的影响。试验采用组合微物理方案以及扰动微物理方案中的参数的方法,结果表明,模式误差非常小甚至可以忽略时,使用单个微物理方案并扰动参数能够使真实风暴的主要特征在分析场中较未扰动参数得到更好地反映;存在模式误差时,使用单个微物理方案并扰动参数后,分析场中的各要素的分布较未扰动参数更加接近真实风暴,同化效果得到改进,且改进效果比模式误差非常小时更为明显;存在模式误差时,组合微物理方案并扰动参数后,分析场中对流云团的形态较未组合方案或未扰动参数更接近真实风暴,主要要素场的配置最能反映真实风暴的特征,同化效果最为理想。结果也表明,扰动参数时、参数扰动范围较小时,同化效果较优。     

Characteristics of Pre-summer Daytime Cloud Regimes over Coastal South China from the Himawari-8 Satellite

Using the high spatiotemporal resolution (2 km-and-10 min) data from the Advanced Himawari Imager onboard the Himawari-8 satellite, this study documents the fine-scale characteristics of daytime cloud regimes (CRs) over coastal South China during the pre-summer rainy season (April–June). Six CRs (CR1–CR6) are identified based on the joint frequency distribution of cloud top brightness temperature and cloud optical thickness, namely, the optically thin-to-moderate cloud mixture, optically thin warm clouds with cirrus, optically thick warm clouds, weak convective cloud mixture, strong convective clouds, and extreme, deep convective clouds. The optically thick warm clouds are the major CR during April and May, with higher frequencies over land, especially along the urban agglomeration, rather than the offshore which may be an indicator of the higher aerosol concentrations being a contributing factor over the cities. The CRs with weak convective cloud mixtures and strong convective clouds appear more frequently over the land, while the two CRs with optically thinner clouds occur mainly offshore. Synoptic flow patterns (SPs) are objectively identified and examined focusing on those favoring the two major rain-producing CRs (CR5 and CR6) and the highly reflective CR with optically thick warm clouds (CR3). The two SPs favoring CR5 and CR6 are characterized by abundant moisture with low-level jets after monsoon onset, and a northwest high-southeast low pattern with strong dynamic convergence along the coastline, respectively. The non-convective CR3 with high reflectance is related to a SP that features the western North Pacific subtropical high extending more westward, leading to a moderate moisture supply and a wide range of convective available potential energy, but also, large convective inhibition.     

Tectonically‐controlled Evolution of the Late Cenozoic Nihewan Basin,North China Craton: Constraints from Stratigraphy,Mineralogy, and Geochemistry

The Late Cenozoic basins in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben, North China Craton are delineated by northeast-striking faults. The faults have, since a long time, been related to the progressive uplift and northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. To show the relation between the basins and faults, two Pliocene–Pleistocene stratigraphic sections(Chengqiang and Hongyanangou) in the southern part of the Nihewan Basin at the northernmost parts of the graben are studied herein. Based on the sedimentary sequences and facies, the sections are divided into three evolutionary stages, such as alluvial fan-eolian red clay, fan delta, and fluvial, with boundaries at ~2.8 and ~1.8 Ma. Paleocurrent indicators, the composition of coarse clastics, heavy minerals, and the geochemistry of moderate–fine clastics are used to establish the temporal and spatial variations in the source areas. Based on features from the middlenorthern basin, we infer that the Nihewan Basin comprises an old NE–SW elongate geotectogene and a young NW–SE elongate subgeotectogene. The main geotectogene in the mid-north is a half-graben bounded by northeast-striking and northwest-dipping normal faults(e.g., Liulengshan Fault). This group of faults was mainly affected by the Pliocene(before ~2.8–2.6 Ma) NW–SE extension and controlled the deposition of sediments. In contrast, the subgeotectogene in the south was affected by northwest-striking normal faults(e.g., Huliuhe Fault) that were controlled by the subsequent weak NE–SW extension in the Pleistocene. The remarkable change in the sedimentary facies and provenance since ~1.8 Ma is possibly a signal of either weak or strong NE–SW extension. This result implies that the main tectonic transition ages of ~2.8–2.6 Ma and ~1.8 Ma in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben are affected by the Tibetan Plateau in Pliocene–Pleistocene.     

藏南松多地区板多铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

藏南松多地区板多铅锌矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,矿床产于松多岩组、花岗闪长岩与隐伏似斑状花岗岩的接触带及其附近,迄今共圈定3个矿体,矿体呈脉状、透镜状,受北东向断裂控制。矿石中主要金属矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿与黄铜矿,其次为毒砂、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等;非金属矿物以石英、绢云母为主,其次为白云母与方解石。矿床可划分为3个成矿阶段:Ⅰ.石英-毒砂-黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿阶段;Ⅱ.石英-黄铁矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿-方铅矿阶段;Ⅲ.石英-方解石阶段。其中,第Ⅱ阶段为主成矿阶段。为查明成矿物理化学条件和成矿流体特征,选取主要成矿阶段的石英开展流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究。结果表明,石英主要发育气液两相包裹体,并含有少量纯液相与纯气相包裹体;成矿流体属中温、低盐度、低密度的Na Cl-H2O体系;成矿早期存在沸腾现象,之后,流体的减压降温应是铅锌富集成矿的主要因素。综合成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究,初步认为,板多铅锌矿属中温热液脉型铅锌矿床。