四川芦山“4.20”地震区降水分布及变化特征研究

利用四川芦山"4.20"地震区15个气象站1961~2012年的逐日降水观测资料和统计诊断方法,较为细致的分析了芦山地震区52年来多时间尺度降水分布及变化特征。结果表明,(1)芦山地震区年降水量平均为1265.3mm,远高于全国和四川省平均年降水量,震区降水量呈明显的东高西低的空间分布特征,在1965年、1972年、2000年左右存在突变点,2000年后降水量呈较为明显的减少趋势,降水量年代际下降率为35mm/10a,年降水量主要存在8~14a的周期振荡,该尺度周期主要存在于20世纪70年代至21世纪初,特别在12a表现较为明显。(2)根据芦山地震烈度划分的三级影响区的降水分布表现为不同的气候特征。累计大-暴雨日数的极大值出现的时间受地形和位置的影响有一定的区域差异,40%以上的大雨日数集中出现在7下旬至8月中旬,各站均在7月第6侯达到最大,暴雨日数也呈一定下降趋势和周期性特征。文中提供的详实的多尺度降水分布和变化特征资料,对于芦山震区利用天气气候规律规划和实施灾后重建有着重要基础指导作用。     

2011年“8.20”雅安暴雨过程的波能特征研究

针对雅安暴雨发生的机制问题,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过波包传播的诊断方法,对2011月20日~8月21日雅安地区暴雨过程期间波包传播和积累进行了分析与研究。结果表明,波包的分布及传播明显反映出降水过程的发生、维持和结束特征。波包的大值区域与强降水区域基本一致,强降水过程基本上产于波包扰动能量积累的高值时段或处于高位相阶段。波包值的经向和纬向传播特征表明,"8.20"雅安地区暴雨程主要是高原地区的冷空气和孟加拉湾向盆地输送的暖湿空气的共同作用。     

青藏高原冻土链霉菌分离菌株多样性及其生理活性的研究

以青藏高原腹地北部地区5个钻孔中采集的冻土样品为材料, 采用高氏1号琼脂和甘油精氨酸琼脂两种培养基, 分离得到54株可培养放线菌.经形态学初步鉴定并结合16S rDNA序列分析, 将分离菌株归入链霉菌属. 抑菌实验和生理生化特性研究发现, 24%的链霉菌对供试病原菌有抑菌活性, H₂S、 有机酸、 H₂O₂酶、 脂酶Ⅰ(Tween-20)、 脂酶Ⅱ(Tween-40)、 脂酶Ⅲ(Tween-80)、 淀粉酶、 蛋白酶、 脲酶产生菌分别占分离菌株的56%、 28%、 93%、 22%、 67%、 41%、 43%、 61%、 57%. 结果显示, 青藏高原冻土蕴藏有丰富的放线菌资源, 其次级代谢产物的丰富性和多样性, 对开发研究放线菌资源具有重要价值.     

Agricultural Heritage Systems: A Bridge between Urban and Rural Development

In the early 1990s, China stepped into the stage of rapid urbanization with a flourishing economy and new technological development. Surplus labor from rural areas flooded into cities and became the main force of urban development. However some severe threats to human survival emerged from urbanization, such as over- extensive urban development, excessive resource consumption, ecological degradation, food security and safety risks and social crises. It has become an imperative to balance urban and rural development to achieve greater harmony between nature and society. This paper firstly tried to focus on public dietary change, agricultural industry development, institutional guarantee, ecological restoration, as well as cultural tourism in urban and peri-urban agricultural heritage sites. Then, it established a development model, balanced the urbanization and urban-supported agriculture. This paper proposed “Agricultural heritage systems” as an entry point for balancing the development of urban areas and rural areas. Agricultural heritage systems can inherit local traditional culture, keep the green and organic agriculture cultivation systems, exploit the distinct landscape tourism, and the like for diversified development; In addition, agricultural heritage systems can take full advantage of abundant funds, firm the institutional guarantee and advanced technologies from the nearby urban complex for regurgitation-feeding of rural enterprises. With the help of these strategies, we can achieve the harmony of “Ecological Urban” and “Garden Countryside”.     

Promoting Rural Revitalization through the Conservation of Agricultural Heritage Systems

正The 2~(nd) Conference of the East Asia Research Association for Agricultural Heritage Systems(ERAHS),on the theme of"Rural Revitalization in Marginal Areas:Biodiversity and Traditional Agriculture",was successfully held in Sado City,Japan from June 22~(nd) to 26~(th),2015,which involved more than 120 participants including researchers,government officials,entrepreneurs and journalists from China,Japan,Korea and the Philippines.This conference was organized by ERAHS and     

LATE HOLOCENE AVERAGE RECURRENCE INTERVAL OF GREAT EARTHQUAKES OF SHANGZHI PART OF THE YILAN-YITONG FAULT ZONE,NE CHINA: CONSTRAINTS FROM PALEO-EARTHQUAKES AND HISTORICAL WRITTEN RECORDS

Although the kinematics and mechanics of the Yilan-Yitong fault zone (YYFZ) since the Mesozoic-early Cenozoic were studied very well in the past decades,few results about the average recurrence interval of great earthquakes in late Quaternary,which is the most important parameter for us to understand the active tectonics and potential seismic hazard of this crucial structure,were obtained because of its unfavorable work environments.Based on interpretations of high-resolution satellite images and detailed geologic and geomorphic mapping,we discovered that there exist linear fault scarp landforms and troughs in the Shangzhi part of YYFZ with a length of more than 25km.Synthesized results of trenches excavation and differential GPS measurements of terrace surfaces indicate two paleo-events EⅠ and EⅡ occurring in Shangzhi part during the late Holocene,which resulted in ca.(3.2±0.1) m accumulated vertical coseismic displacement with strike-slip motion accompanied by thrusting and shortening deformation.¹⁴C samples dating suggests that event EⅠ might occur at (440±30) and (180±30) a BP and event EⅡ might happen between (4 090±30) and (3 880±30) a BP,and the average recurrence interval of major earthquakes on the YYFZ is around (3 675±235) a.Historical written records discovered from Korea show that the event EⅠ may correspond to the earthquake occurring in AD 1810(Qing Dynasty in Chinese history) in Ningguta area with magnitude 7.0.     

Temporal population dynamics of dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum in a semi-enclosed mariculture pond and its relationship to environmental factors and protozoan grazers

The ecological processes and interrelationships between protists,either autotrophic or heterotrophic,and environmental factors in mariculture ponds are largely unknown.This study investigated the temporal dynamics of potentially harmful dinoflagellate,Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller,and its relationship to physico-chemical factors and protozoan grazers over a complete cycle in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao,Northern China.P.minimum occurred frequently in low numbers from June to ...     

山地高密度城市热岛效应的多约束因子格局分析与定量探测——重庆都市区案例研究

城市热岛受城市地表多因素影响,山地城市的情况则更为复杂.本文以典型山地城市重庆为例,基于Landsat8 OLI/TIRS影像、高精度矢量建筑等多源空间数据,采用城市地温反演、归一化植被指数、天空开阔度建模等方法,重点针对城市建成区,通过地理探测器分析各因子对城市热岛效应的约束力.研究表明:①在都市区全域,城市热场空间...     

南天山柯坪塔格推覆体前缘断裂活动性质及速率

柯坪塔格推覆体位于天山西南麓,由多排NEE—EW向的褶皱-逆断裂带组成。文中介绍了皮羌—巴楚磷矿以西3排褶皱-逆断裂带前缘断裂的活动性质及速率。新获资料表明,各排褶皱-逆断裂带前缘皆由多条断裂构成,都具典型的逆断层性质。其中最新活动断裂位于褶皱-逆断裂带的最前缘,活动时代为晚更新世—全新世。它们切割冲沟T0、T1、T2、T3阶地堆积,形成不同高度的断层陡坎。根据陡坎剖面测量和年龄样品测试,求得T0面形成以来断裂的垂直位移量、位移速率、地壳缩短量和缩短速率分别是0.9～1.1m、0.53～0.65mm/a、1.93～2.56m和1.14～1.52mm/a;T1面形成以来分别是1.4～1.8m、0.36～0.46mm/a、3.00～3.86m和0.77～0.99mm/a;T2面形成以来分别是2.1～3m、0.31～0.45mm/a、4.50～6.98m和0.67～1.04mm/a;T3面形成以来分别是3.4～4.2m、0.28～0.35mm/a、7.29～9.22m和0.61～0.77mm/a。根据T0面形成以来的缩短量和缩短速率,计算柯坪塔格推覆体约1.7ka以来总的地壳缩短量是9.65～12.80m,缩短速率     

基于SRTM数据的广东新一代天气雷达覆盖研究

本文利用SRTM3高分辨率的数字高程模型（DEM）对广东省已建成的12部新一代天气雷达分别进行地形阻挡分析。结果表明,在低仰角（0.5°）的观测结果中,韶关、连州以及肇庆雷达受地形阻挡较严重,深圳、阳江、梅州和汕尾的雷达也有大面积阻挡区域,其余雷达的覆盖效果均很好。随着扫描仰角的抬高,地形对雷达波束的阻挡有所减弱。从第4个仰角 （3.4°）开始,所有雷达均无地形阻挡。在海拔5 km范围内12部雷达可以完全覆盖广东全省,大部分地区至少有4部雷达重叠。离地3 km和海拔3 km的雷达覆盖情况均显示,除广东省北部和西北部极少部分地区没有雷达覆盖外,大部分地区均有2部以上雷达覆盖,珠江三角洲入海口一带甚至有4~6部雷达重叠。在离地2 km范围内,广东省雷达组网能够有效覆盖广东省大部分区域。在离地1 km范围内,广东省北部和西北部雷达覆盖效果不太理想,存在较大的空白区。在离地高度2 km和海拔高度3 km以上,雷达组网基本可以覆盖广东全境,因此可以认为广东省雷达的总体布局较好。