一种绘制地面天气图及要素场等值线方法

采用位图作为天气符号绘制天气图，利用规则三角形网格法绘制等值线，通过VisualC^ 6．0软件编程，并在计算机上得到实现，结果表明，此方法绘制的天气图显示清晰，等值线分析准确、光滑，完全可以满足气象台站日常业务要求。     

耕地需求量预测的加权模糊-马尔可夫链模型

以耕地利用动态度为度量，利用模糊有序聚类方法将耕地需求量划分为不同的模糊状态区间，利用模糊集理论构建马尔可夫链状态转移概率矩阵，以规范化的各阶自相关系数为权重改进传统的马尔可夫链预测模型，用改进后的模型对土地利用规划中耕地需求量进行预测。实验结果表明，改进后的方法较传统的预测方法更具科学性和实用性。     

多模式热动力耦合诊断系统与暴雨预报

应用包含热动力耦合强迫的新型散度演化方程,研发了该方程的诊断计算方案和相应的软件系统,以多个数值预报模式产品为资料源,计算得到关于强降水激发、维持的热动力耦合诊断场,形成了一个多时效的诊断场序列,它包含了正压非平衡强迫和热动力耦合强迫对散度演化的作用,反映了暴雨激发和持续的数值特征,为探索暴雨激发维持机理和寻求暴雨预报指标提供了数据支持。多模式诊断场的综合分析是集合预报方法的一种实践,有利于提高预报准确率。我们对2009年的两次暴雨个例进行了诊断分析,结果表明：T213、T639模式的诊断场能够较为准确的预报出暴雨的开始和结束,有明显的预报指示意义。     

Comparative Study on Methods for Computing Soil Heat Storage and Energy Balance in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Observations collected in the Badan Jaran desert hinterland and edge during 19-23 August 2009 and in the Jinta Oasis during 12-16 June 2005 are used to assess three methods for calculating the heat storage of the5-20-cm soil layer.The methods evaluated include the harmonic method,the conduction-convection method,and the temperature integral method.Soil heat storage calculated using the harmonic method provides the closest match with measured values.The conduction-convection method underestimates nighttime soil heat storage.The temperature integral method best captures fluctuations in soil heat storage on sub-diurnal timescales,but overestimates the amplitude and peak values of the diurnal cycle.The relative performance of each method varies with the underlying land surface.The land surface energy balance is evaluated using observations of soil heat flux at 5-cm depth and estimates of ground heat flux adjusted to account for soil heat storage.The energy balance closure rate increases and energy balance is improved when the ground heat flux is adjusted to account for soil heat storage.The results achieved using the harmonic and temperature integral methods are superior to those achieved using the conduction-convection method.     

华北克拉通北缘张家口-宣化地区古生代-中生代岩浆构造活动与成矿作用

河北省张家口-宣化地区(张宣地区)位于华北克拉通北缘中段,区内自显生宙以来构造活动频繁,并产出大量岩浆岩和金矿床,是研究华北克拉通北缘岩浆-构造-成矿演化体系的重要对象.本文通过对张宣地区的水泉沟正长岩、响水沟似斑状花岗岩、井儿洼粗安岩-英安岩、象山花岗闪长岩、青羊沟黑云母二长花岗岩和张家口组流纹岩的锆石年龄、Lu-H...     

卫星编队InSAR系统设计系列关键技术

天基InSAR系统具有全天候、全天时、数据处理自动化程度高等优点,可以快速获取数字表面模型和雷达正射影像,发展前景广阔。本文首先介绍了InSAR测量及影响产品精度误差传递模型,阐述了基于卫星编队InSAR系统;然后,从系统获取干涉数据和确保产品精度两方面出发,提出在不考虑SAR技术的情况下,卫星编队InSAR系统设计主要关键技术有:系统相干性、基线选择、卫星编队设计、双星协同工作、产品精度控制等;最后,在归纳总结天绘二号关键技术攻关的基础上,对这些关键技术所涉及的性能及核心指标进行了分析,提出了设计所关注的要素。     

卫星地面轨迹分段拟合确定交叉点的方法研究

用于消除交叉点测量误差的平差法、高度计海况偏差校正及大地水准面模型的建立等都以轨迹交叉点数据为基础。找到一种高效且精确确定交叉点位置的方法十分重要。本文以Jason-1卫星高度计为例,设计了11种弧段分段类型并据此进行拟合以确定交叉点的精确位置,从获取有效交叉点的数量和效率两方面分析,采用12段的分段拟合方法效果最优。不同倾角卫星地面轨迹会发生变化,分段节点需要根据轨迹曲线特征适当调整。本文分段设计方案及最优分段选取方法对任何倾角的卫星依然适用。     

Interannual Weakening of the Tropical Pacific Walker Circulation Due to Strong Tropical Volcanism

In order to examine the response of the tropical Pacific Walker circulation(PWC) to strong tropical volcanic eruptions(SVEs), we analyzed a three-member long-term simulation performed with Had CM3, and carried out four additional CAM4 experiments. We found that the PWC shows a significant interannual weakening after SVEs. The cooling effect from SVEs is able to cool the entire tropics. However, cooling over the Maritime Continent is stronger than that over the central-eastern tropical Pacific. Thus, non-uniform zonal temperature anomalies can be seen following SVEs. As a result, the sea level pressure gradient between the tropical Pacific and the Maritime Continent is reduced, which weakens trade winds over the tropical Pacific. Therefore, the PWC is weakened during this period. At the same time, due to the cooling subtropical and midlatitude Pacific, the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) and South Pacific convergence zone(SPCZ) are weakened and shift to the equator. These changes also contribute to the weakened PWC. Meanwhile, through the positive Bjerknes feedback, weakened trade winds cause El Nino-like SST anomalies over the tropical Pacific, which in turn further influence the PWC. Therefore, the PWC significantly weakens after SVEs. The CAM4 experiments further confirm the influences from surface cooling over the Maritime Continent and subtropical/midlatitude Pacific on the PWC. Moreover, they indicate that the stronger cooling over the Maritime Continent plays a dominant role in weakening the PWC after SVEs. In the observations,a weakened PWC and a related El Nino-like SST pattern can be found following SVEs.     

网络试题库的技术实现

介绍了一个实用有效的网络在线试题库，重点讨论了利用PHP(Personal Homepage个人网页平台)与MySQL(My Structure Query Language结构化查询语言)结合开发试题库的技术方法，并详细说明了在网络试题库和在线考试系统中如何实现用户自行添加新科目、试题录入、备份、恢复、删除、查询和组卷以及进行在线考试等功能及其相应的编程技术。     

基于Web技术的西北指导预报系统的设计与实现

详细介绍西北指导预报系统的内容、体系结构、功能、特点,以及实现的关键技术。实际应用表明,利用动态服务器网页技术开发的基于浏览器/服务器3层网络体系结构的西北指导预报系统是一个功能较完善的气象预报信息管理系统,实现了各类气象信息的集成和共享。