A Simplified Approach to Earthquake Risk in Mainland China

There are limitations in conventional earthquake loss procedures if attempts are made to apply these to assess the social and economic impacts of recent disastrous earthquakes. This paper addresses the need to develop an applicable model for estimating the significant increases of earthquake loss in mainland China. The casualties of earthquakes were studied first. The casualties of earthquakes are strongly related to earthquake strength, occurrence time (day or night) and the distribution of population in the affected area. Using data on earthquake casualties in mainland China from 1980 to 2000, we suggest a relationship between average losses of life and the magnitude of earthquakes. Combined with information on population density and earthquake occurrence times, we use these data to give a further relationship between the loss of life and factors like population density, intensity and occurrence time of the earthquake. Earthquakes that occurred from 2001 to 2003 were tested for the given relationships. This paper also explores the possibility of using a macroeconomic indicator, here GDP (Gross Domestic Product), to roughly estimate earthquake exposure in situations where no detailed insurance or similar inventories exist, thus bypassing some problems of the conventional method.     

2005年6月20日柳州市大暴雨渍涝灾害模拟分析

利用柳州市城市暴雨渍涝气象预警系统，对2005年6月20日柳州市出现了有记录以来最严重的城市渍涝灾害进行了模拟分析，结果表明：该系统具有较强的渍涝动态监测和预报能力，对拓展城市灾害预报服务领域，提高城市暴雨渍涝灾害监测、预报、灾害风险评估水平具有一定的参考作用。     

四川雷波矿集区磷矿沉积特征及成矿规律研究

四川雷波地区磷矿属于中国昆阳式海相沉积型磷矿,赋存于下寒武统梅树村阶麦地坪组地层中。通过野外实测剖面,重点研究其岩石学和沉积相特征,在矿集区建立了潮坪沉积体系,判断麦地坪组以潮下带沉积为主,潮间带和潮上带沉积不发育,总体表现为海侵-海退-海侵的垂向沉积组合。沉积相在矿集区呈环带状分布,磷矿层厚度与地层厚度大体呈正相关关系。磷矿床的岩相古地理类型直接影响了磷质颗粒的物理富集过程,其中潮下高能带为磷矿沉积的最有利相带,是今后勘探开发的重点区域。     

基于逻辑回归的CA模型的重庆市沙坪坝区土地利用变化模拟研究

以重庆市沙坪坝区为研究区,利用2010年、2012年的数据得出土地利用变化信息,利用基于逻辑回归的CA模型理论对土地利用变化、城市扩展进行模拟研究,并结合实际的政策对其发展变化过程和生态环境影响进行分析与比较。结果显示该研究区域内在今后一个时期,建设用地将持续增加,耕地资源将因城市建设而继续减少。     

龙门山褶皱冲断带典型地震剖面平衡剖面恢复及构造演化分析

近年来,龙门山褶皱冲断带是国内外专家学者研究复杂构造地质的天然实验室。通过野外地质调查和精细地震构造解释,利用最新最的油气勘探地球物理资料,通过选取龙门山北段、中段、南段与构造走向基本垂直的成像效果较好具有代表性的区域地震大剖面3条,借助Geo—sec二维平衡剖面构造恢复技术,对龙门山褶皱冲断带的构造发育及其演化过程进行分析。通过对各段构造发育及断裂演化史进行深入剖析,总结出7种构造发育样式以及北、中、南段构造组合特征。通过对比北、中、南段构造发育及演化特征,证实龙门山褶皱冲断带是由多期构造运动叠加形成的复式构造,具体表现为基底卷入推覆冲断、盖层滑脱叠瓦状推覆冲断、逆冲双重构造等多种构造样式。印支运动早期以前,主要以拉张环境为主,缓慢隆升;印支晚期以后,以挤压环境为主,逆冲推覆快速隆升,至喜马拉雅运动时期定型。在此基础上,综合石油地质综合评价,结合各段区域内已发现气田的构造特征,对有利油气构造样式进行了预测,指出其中的被动断弯与断展背斜构造、顶板双重构造、背冲构造是油气勘探的有利构造样式。     

ADS40/80影像数据在数字城市框架数据建设中的应用

在"数字城市"建设中,利用ADS40/80数字影像通过像素工厂和Virtuo Zo全数字摄影测量工作站进行DOM、DEM、DLG数据成果制作。简要介绍ADS40/80像机及其特点,重点探讨利用ADS40/80数据制作DOM、DEM和DLG的作业流程及方法。     

东海表层沉积物中氨氧化微生物群落的空间分布和季节性变化

Ammonia oxidation plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle in marine sediments. Seasonal and spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and betaproteobacteria(β-AOB) in surface sediments from the East China Sea(ECS) were investigated using ammonia monooxygenase α subunit(amo A) gene. In order to characterize the community of AOA and β-AOB, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) was carried out in this study, along with environmental parameters. The abundance of β-AOB amo A gene(2.17×106–4.54×107 copy numbers per gram wet weight sediment) was always greater than that of AOA amo A gene(2.18×105–9.89×106 copy numbers per gram wet weight sediment) in all sampling stations. The q PCR results were correlated with environmental parameters. AOA amo A gene copy numbers in April were positively related to temperature and nitrite concentration(p0.05). β-AOB amo A gene copy numbers in August correlated negatively with salinity(p0.01), and correlated positively with ammonium concentration(p0.05). With the increase of salinity, the amo A gene copy ratio of AOB to AOA had a tendency to decrease, which suggested β-AOB dominated in the area of high level ammonium and AOA preferred high salinity area.     

非均匀地基与均匀地基解答之间的相似关系

考虑材料特性沿厚度按幂律梯度变化的非均匀地基,研究了在竖向和水平线荷载作用下,非均匀弹性地基与均匀弹性地基解答之间的转换关系。基于应变分量之间的变形协调条件,获得了非均匀弹性半空间在线荷载作用下的应力分量和应变分量的解析表达式,通过比较非均匀地基和均匀地基的解答,发现了它们之间的线性相关性,可将非均匀弹性地基在均布线荷载作用下的解答用相同条件下的均匀地基解答线性表示,得到了解答之间的相似转换系数的表达式,该系数集中反映了地基物理力学特性的非均匀程度。因此,借助于均匀地基的经典解答,可将非均匀地基问题的求解转化为对相似转换系数的计算,从而使得问题得以简化。为了方便应用,采用曲线图的形式给出了不同非均匀指数情形下的相似转换系数。     

"东边道"建设与区域资源环境系统的响应研究

作者回顾了“东边道”建设的历史背景,分析了“东边道”建设可能带来的物流,探讨了“东边道”建设对区域社会经济系统的战略影响。作者强调,“东边道”建设与发展应坚持可持续发展原则,采用绿色通道建设模式。     

半参数模型与最小二乘配置模型的比较

针对重力高程异常估值的计算,采用半参数模型L=BX+S+Δ和最小二乘配置模型两种方法来计算,通过算例比较,分析半参数模型和最小二乘配置法的区别与联系。