GOSAT卫星二氧化碳遥感产品的验证与分析

本文利用全球地基二氧化碳柱浓度观测站点(Total Carbon Column Observing Network,TCCON)18个站点CO_2地基观测数据对GOSAT(Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite)2009—2017年的大气CO_2遥感反演产品进行验证分析,结果显示卫星CO_2遥感产品与地基遥感观测结果较为一致,在东亚、北美、欧洲和大洋洲四个区域内卫星遥感产品与地基观测的平均偏差分别为2. 23±2. 69、2. 19±2. 19、2. 01±2. 49、1. 59±1. 79 ppm,相关系数不低于0. 75。卫星在30°S～60°N范围内的产品精度较高,而在高纬地区产品精度稍低。本文进一步利用GOSAT L2 XCO_2遥感反演产品对全球大气CO_2的长时间序列变化进行了分析,结果表明2009—2017年全球大气CO_2浓度呈持续上升趋势,全球年平均增长率为2. 22 ppm·a~(-1),增长较快的国家和地区包括中国、美国、印度和非洲,受与厄尔尼诺有关的自然排放影响,2016年相对上一年的增长量最多,年均CO_2绝对增量在3 ppm以上。     

Urban Impact on Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Precipitation: A Numerical Study of Typhoon Rumbia (2018)

Coastal urban areas are prone to serious disasters caused by landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs). Despite the crucial role of urban forcing in precipitation, how fine-scale urban features impact landfalling TC precipitation remains poorly understood. In this study, high-resolution ensemble simulations of Typhoon Rumbia(2018), which crossed the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, were conducted to analyze the potential urban impact on TC precipitation. Results show that the inner-core rainfal...     

Dataset of Comparative Observations for Land Surface Processes over the Semi-Arid Alpine Grassland against Alpine Lakes in the Source Region of the Yellow River

Thousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) play a critical role in the regional water cycle, weather, and climate. In recent years, the areas of TP lakes underwent drastic changes and have become a research hotspot. However, the characteristics of the lake-atmosphere interaction over the high-altitude lakes are still unclear, which inhibits model development and the accurate simulation of lake climate effects. The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) has the largest outflow lake and freshw...     

从地下水变化分析临汾地震台短水准异常的成因

利用深水井水位数据、龙子祠泉流量资料及临汾地震台短水准所在区域内的长观孔水位资料,分析临汾地震台及周边地区地下水整体变化状态,根据区域水位变化特征对临汾地震台短水准近年来出现的异常进行分析。结果表明,临汾地震台短水准测量场地周边区域地下水位在2011~2013年发生明显变化,与水准观测曲线变化趋势较为一致,水准异常时间滞后于水位变化2~3 a;而大范围水位上升尤其是浅水井水位明显上升主要是因为地下水开采量减少,非构造所致。水位上升引起平原区地面回弹的现象符合Terzaghi有效应力原理,即水位回升使孔隙水压力得到恢复,砂层回弹进而引起地面回弹,并引起短水准高差测值的变化。     

Characteristics of the change of major lakes on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the last 25 years

On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau there are three super large lakes, the Qinghai Lake, Nam Co and Siling Co, and eleven large lakes, the Zhari Nam Co, Tangra Yumco, Ayakkum Lake, Banggong Co, Har Lake, Ngoring Lake, Yamzho Yumco, Gyaring Lake, Chibuzhang Co, Ulan Ul Lake and the Ngangla Ringco. The authors studied the changes of these major lakes in the past 25 years, based on interpretations of the MSS images obtained during the middle 1970s and ETM⁺ images obtained in the late 1990s or at the beginning of the 21st century. The study shows that: the areas of the Har Lake andNgoring Lake have remained relatively stable; the areas of the Qinghai Lake, Zhari Nam co, Tangra Yumco, Ayakkum Lake, Gyaring Lake, Ulan Ul Lake and Ngangla Ringco have been reduced to varying degrees, of which the areas of the Qinghai Lake and Ulan Ul Lake have decreased most sharply by 60.60 km² and 59.80 km² respectively; the areas of the Nam Co, Siling Co and Bangong Co have increased more or less, of which the area of the Siling Co has increased most sharply by 140.42 km². The analysis on the changes in areas of major lakes has provided new materials for the study of the lake evolution, climatic change and environmental variation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. __________ Translated from Geological Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(12): 1633–1645 [译自: 地质通报]     

冷水坑斑岩型银铅锌矿床含矿岩系岩石地球化学及Sr、Nd同位素研究

江西冷水坑矿床是国内外少见的斑岩型银铅锌矿床之一。文章研究了冷水坑矿田内的侵入岩及其围岩的岩石学、岩石化学、Sr和Nd同位素特征,结合岩体产出的大地构造环境,指出:①该矿田的含矿斑岩属于钙碱性系列,具有高SiO2、富K2O和富MnO、低Na2O的特点,富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,铕负异常明显;②与非含矿斑岩相比,该含矿斑岩具有较高的Sr初始值(0.71327)和较低的εNd(t)值(-7.5~-10.2),其两阶段钕模式年龄t2DM为1535~1760Ma。该含矿斑岩起源于武夷区基底变质岩,由地壳物质重融而成,同时有少量地幔物质的混染;③该含矿斑岩与其他侵入岩及围岩为同源岩浆在不同阶段演化的产物,均来源于地壳重熔,同属于S型花岗岩;④该含矿斑岩形成于陆内造山挤压环境。冷水坑矿田的含矿斑岩与中国斑岩型铜矿的含矿斑岩具有较大的差异。     

吐哈盆地地下水排泄构造的遥感探测与砂岩铀矿找矿勘查

对吐哈盆地ETM遥感数据进行KT光谱空间变换处理,提取亮度指教、绿度指数和湿度指教.利用这些光谱指教图像对吐哈盆地地下水排泄构造进行识别,并结合基础地质研究成果对吐哈盆地进行大范围的水动力环境分析.研究表明,了墩隆起西部边缘存在一务区域性的北东东向地下水排泄构造,其东南方为斜坡带径流区域,该斜坡带连接鲁克沁-鄯善、七克台等大型西山窑组三角洲沉积单元和中天山广大高放射场蚀源区域,具有地浸砂岩铀矿找矿远景.文章同时指出,该地下水排泄构造的遥感探测技术可以直接应用于地下水资源寻找,这对于中国北方荒漠化地区社会经济发展具有现实意义.     

金刚石钻头钴基胎体材料冲蚀磨损的量化研究

金刚石钻头的工作寿命和性能很大程度上取决于胎体材料的性能,国内外对胎体材料的研究主要集中在机械冲刷和井底流场的研究,没有考虑携带岩屑的钻井液对钻头胎体材料的电化学腐蚀以及机械冲刷和电化学腐蚀的相互作用。介绍了胎体材料冲蚀磨损的工作原理,根据试验条件与要求,采用摩擦学和电化学腐蚀原理,设计了模拟现场的冲蚀磨损试验台,对钴基胎体材料进行冲蚀磨损试验并进行了量化。结果表明,胎体材料冲蚀腐损是由纯机械冲刷、电化学腐蚀以及它们共同作用引起。因此,在腐蚀性环境中设计胎体材料,要考虑其抗腐蚀性。     

Identification of hotspots for potential pyrethroid runoff: a GIS modeling study in San Joaquin River Watershed of California, USA

This paper attempts to identify the high-risk areas for potential runoff of pyrethroid pesticides in the San Joaquin River Watershed. Pyrethroid pesticides have been detected in water and fluvial sediments in this watershed, creating concerns about potential negative impacts on water quality. However, little documentation exists regarding the distributions or the extent of the adverse effects caused by the use of pyrethroids. This study developed a geographic information systems (GIS) model to identify areas with high potential for pyrethroid runoff during the rainy season. The model was then validated using field-monitoring data. Nine factors were identified for the runoff risk assessment: amount of active ingredient used, soil erodibility factor, hydrologic group, surface layer depth, seasonal rainfall, seasonal number of rainy days, seasonal number of storm events, stream density, and land cover. The results indicated that high pyrethroid runoff risks were associated with basins such as the Stanislaus River Sub-basin, Newman Gustine Sub-basin and South Merced Sub-basin. This study demonstrated that the GIS model is capable of predicting high-risk areas of pyrethroid runoff at sub-basin scale. The model can be used to prioritize sites for water quality monitoring and guide implementations of best management practices. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

基于直线特征检测的道路边线自动提取方法

针对如何从车载激光点云数据中快速、准确地提取道路边线的问题,本文提出一种基于直线特征检测的道路边线自动提取方法。首先对原始点云进行地面滤波,删除非地面点,获取包含道路信息的地面点云,接着把点云投影到二维图像上,根据反射强度获得平均强度图像,对平均强度图像进行LSD直线检测,获得道路边线的直线段,然后进行直线连接,把检测出来的短线段连接成长直线,最后根据直线特征提取出道路边线,并且利用定量指标对提取结果进行定量分析。实验证明,该方法提取的道路边线具有较高的准确率和完整性。