洼地开采地下水的地质环境效应研究——以天津市黄港洼应急水源地为例

天津市是我国水资源缺乏、人均占有淡水资源最少的城市之一,也是我国地面沉降最为严重的地区之一。地面沉降现已成为天津市的主要地质灾害,并在一定程度上制约着天津城镇的可持续发展。天津市平原区洼地众多,这些洼地大部分是天津市的湿地分布区。在洼地内建设应急地下水水源地,既可以起到为城区供水,缓解城区的地面沉降,又可以改善洼地生态环境的作用。     

变渗透系数软土一维非线性固结沉降数值模拟

固结沉降计算是工程建筑中的重要内容之一。传统的固结沉降计算多是基于渗透数为常数的Terzaghi模型,这与实际的固结过程有较大的差别。采用Carman—Koze模型与一维非线性固结沉降模型进行耦合来模拟固结沉降过程。结果表明,固结导致的渗透系数的变化对固结有较大的影响,特别是在后期这种影响会越来越大。     

桃曲坡水库灌区节水灌溉信息化管理系统的研究

阐述了节水灌溉信息化的重要性和必要性,探讨建设完善的灌区节水灌溉信息化管理系统。介绍信息管理系统、调度运行系统、水务公开系统、运行监控管理系统、遥测管理系统、灌溉用水预报系统、决策支持系统的基本结构和内容。实践证明,管理系统能够有效地提高灌区水资源的利用率和用水管理效率。     

基于黄金分割理论的改进BP网络地下水水质评价

利用VB语言编写附加动量的改进BP人工神经网络模型程序,并将其加载到Excel中,以湛江市区地下水为例研究水质状况。该模型采用黄金分割理论和试算相结合的方法对网络模型的隐含层节点数进行了优选,研究结果与其他方法相比显示：改进BP人工神经网络模型在地下水水质评价中能够很好地解决评价因子与水质等级间复杂的非线形关系,评价结果的精度有较大地提高。     

真空预压法加固吹填土的孔隙水压力试验研究

利用真空预压法处理吹填土时,孔隙水压力变化常常反映土体固结程度的好坏。通过6个模型箱试验,监测不同排水系统下孔隙水压力变化,确定有效排水体间距。研究发现0.4m间距的土内孔压下降效果比0.8m间距的土内孔压下降效果好;排水体内的孔隙水压力与排水体类型有关,且距离排水体10 cm处土体内的孔隙水压力仅为排水体内孔隙水压力的1/2弱;滤膜排水系统中的吹填土孔隙水压力下降幅度最快,B型排水板系统次之,而砂井系统最慢。另外,对于吹填土而言,排水体有效间距介于0.4m与0.8m之间,其中滤膜的有效间距最大,B型排水板次之,砂井远小于前两者。     

辽宁抚顺地区金矿的次生富集特征及成因分析

抚顺地区金矿氧化带中金的次生富集特征十分明显,可划分为氧化淋滤贫化带、次生富集带、原生带三个带。次生富集带中金的富集原因主要为原生金矿中的金矿物在氧化环境下溶解或形成胶体金,迁移至有利于汇集的还原环境时发生沉淀并富集。     

Palynological records of Holocene monsoon change from the Gulf of Tonkin (Beibuwan), northwestern South China Sea

Palynological records in cores C4 and B106 from the Gulf of Tonkin reveal signals of paleo-monsoon and paleoenvironmental change during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Before ∼ 13.4 cal kyr BP, the Gulf of Tonkin was exposed to the atmosphere and covered by grassland. Starting at ∼ 11.7 cal kyr BP, the Gulf of Tonkin was inundated by brackish water, indicated by the appearance of the brackish algae Cleistosphaeridium, Sentusidinium and Spiniferites, a decrease of herb content, and an increase of Pinus. After Hainan Island was completely separated from the Leizhou Peninsula by Qiongzhou Strait at ∼ 8.5 cal kyr BP, a continuous marine sedimentary environment was found. The current patterns were similar to those of the present, with a general trend of current homogenization reflected by gradually decreasing quantities of Quercus pollen and a narrowing gap between the palynological concentrations of the southern and northern parts of the region. The data suggest that three short periods of strengthened winter monsoons and currents were centered at ∼ 6.0 cal kyr BP, ∼ 2.7 cal kyr BP and ∼ 0.2 cal kyr BP and that two short periods of strengthened summer monsoons and currents were centered at ∼ 7.5 cal kyr BP and ∼ 3.4 cal kyr BP.     

常规次生晕法在广西资源县云头界钨钼矿找矿中的成果及意义

广西资源县云头界钨矿异常区多被表土覆盖,局部出露钨矿化。据钨重砂矿物化学性质较稳定,风化剥蚀后迁移距离较近,而异常区表土覆盖不厚的特点,采用次生晕化探方法对云头界钨矿异常区1.4km2开展化探扫面找矿。根据8条化探剖面线共575个样品分析结果,圈出了6个钨异常区,在其中4个钨异常区施工槽探工程,都发现对应的石英脉型钨矿体。这揭示了该区矿体与次生晕异常的分布具有非常一致的对应关系。次生晕化探异常表明,该矿主矿脉沿走向长度超过1km,矿床规模可望达到中型。常规次生晕法在云头界钨矿异常区找矿效果明显,这对华南风化土层覆盖区钨矿找矿工作有重要的启示。     

郯庐断裂带南段构造演化与邻区成矿作用——从年代学资料得到的启示

郯庐断裂带为我国东部北北东—北东向岩石圈深大断裂带。在其南段的邻区,分布有胶东金矿区、鲁西铁金矿区以及长江中下游的铁铜(金)成矿带和苏北油气田等矿产。从已获得大量测年资料分析,可将构造—岩浆—成矿事件分为3个阶段:1)早期(800～550 Ma):自元古宙泛古陆裂解和随之而来的加里东期古地震和局部海西期喷流作用,证实地壳运动早已拉开了它的"构造活动序幕",此阶段继承和构建了华北克拉通岩石圈先存的构造薄弱带,从成矿作用而论,此阶段可称为"成矿预备场地";2)主期(1 80～110 Ma):在三叠纪期间,扬子板块和华北板块陆—陆碰撞和中生代西太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲等,造就了现今郯庐断裂与分支断裂的构造格架。其中主峰形成时间为140～120 Ma±,在这个阶段广泛有钙碱性系列、富钾高锶钙碱系列、碱性系列岩浆和后期成矿热液,沿着有利构造空间剧烈活动和成矿就位。本区壳幔混熔型和壳源同熔型花岗岩,是地壳减薄和下地壳拆沉、底侵的产物,而不是单一的构造运动的结果。此阶段可称为断裂构造—岩浆活动—成矿作用的鼎盛期;3)晚期(60Ma～现代):沿东西向与北北东向(或北东向)断裂交汇处,存在橄榄玄武岩喷侵,为石油和天然气的形成提供了热源和物源,此期可称其为构造—岩浆活动的衰变期。     

Comparative studies on compounds occluded inside asphaltenes hierarchically released by increasing amounts of H2O2/CH3COOH

Being the heaviest fraction of crude oils, asphaltenes are liable to aggregate, and other molecules in the oils can be steadily adsorbed onto, and even occluded inside the macromolecular structures of the asphaltenes. These occluded compounds inside the asphaltenes can survive over geological time in oil reservoirs owing to effective protection by the macromolecular structures of the asphaltenes. The asphaltenes of a crude oil (ZG31) from the central Tarim Basin, NW China, were hierarchically degraded by increasing the amount of H₂O₂/CH₃COOH to release the occluded compounds. Besides the common components, series of even numbered n-alk-1-enes and 3-ethylalkanes were detected among the occluded compounds. Comparison of the biomarker distributions and the compound-specific C isotopic results between the compounds from the maltenes and those from the occluded fraction, the ZG31 reservoir was suggested to have been charged multiple times, with different charges being derived from different strata of source rocks.