智能机器人及其发展

智能机器人是一个国家高科技发展水平的重要标志之一，具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了机器人的定义和发展阶段，阐述了智能机器人研究领域的关键技术，总结了国内外各类机器人的发展现状并给出相应实例，最后分析并展望了智能机器人今后的发展和研究趋势。     

西涌湾及邻近海域物理自净能力研究

利用不规则三角形网格和分步杂交方法建立了西涌湾及邻近海域的二维变边界潮流数值模型，并在此基础上建立了相应海域的拉格朗日余流模型，对拟建排污口标识质点的运移轨迹进行跟踪，通过计算公式，给出了西涌湾及邻近海域的水交换活跃区和滞缓区，并为拟设排污口进行了优化选择。     

Marine diatom Thalassirosira weissflogii nutrient drawdown and its physiological status variation challenged to zinc and cadmium exposure

The uptake of zinc and cadmium by a species of marine diatom Thalassirosira weissflogii and the nutrient variation (phosphorus and silicon) in the culture medium were estimated when exposed to zinc and cadmium stress under controlled laboratory conditions.It was found that low cadmium addition could stimulate the culture to grow with a relatively high rate and exert its toxicity at the elevated concentration.The cellular uptake of zinc and cadmium by the diatom varied in the ranges of 1.21~3.75 and 0.060~0.629 fmol per cell respectively in the whole cultivation period.The mean cellular phosphorus and silicon drawdowns were constant with 0.26~0.42 and 0.30~0.46 pmol per cell respectively in those healthy cultures.It is illustrated that the algal cells can adjust some physiological mechanisms to decrease metal accumulation and keep metal homeostasis in the organism.The correlation analysis results further indicate that the cellular cadmium uptake might be closely related with the cellular phosphorus, silicon drawdown and the growth rate of diatom (P<0.05, 0.001, 0.01); and the cultures grow better in good conditions, the lower amount of phosphorus, silicon materials are consumed by a single cell to keep a high efficiency of utilization.     

西施舌营养成分分析与评价

对西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)肉的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及部分微量元素等进行了分析,并对其营养价值进行了评价。结果表明:西施舌鲜肉含水量为82.31%,粗蛋白11.18%(占干基质量的63.19%),粗脂肪0.54%,灰分2.36%;西施舌蛋白质中含有18种编码氨基酸,其中含人体所需的全部8种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸的质量分数为20.93%(干基),占氨基酸总量的36.28%,谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)和甘氨酸(Gly)的质量分数较高,分别占干基的7.80%、5.57%和6.70%;高度不饱和脂肪酸C20:4(EPA)和C22:6(DHA)分别占脂肪酸总数的20.41%和10.20%;对西施舌肉营养价值评价结果显示:Gly,Asp、Glu和丙氨酸(Ala)4种呈味氨基酸占水解氨基酸总量的44.77%,占游离氨基酸总量的72.94%;氨基酸评分(SAA)和化学评分(SC)结果都显示第一限制性氨基酸是色氨酸,其SAA值和SC值分别为0.73和0.43,必需氨基酸指数(IEAA)为64.91,牛磺酸含量丰富,质量比为13 830 mg/kg(干基);西施舌含有较丰富的Fe和Zn,在其干基中的质量比分别为130.0 mg/kg和52.0 mg/kg。     

ENSO循环相关的海洋异常信号传播特征及其机制

通过分析最新的海洋模式同化资料(EstimatingtheCirculationandClimateoftheOcean,EC CO),研究了ENSO循环相关的海洋异常信号在太平洋中的传播过程。研究发现,导致ENSO位相变化的温跃层异常信号主要从北太平洋西传而来,该区与赤道东太平洋相反的温跃层异常信号到达西太暖池区,再从西太暖池沿赤道传到东太平洋,可使ENSO向反位相发展。该异常信号沿赤道东传过程中热带西南太平洋也会出现类似的温跃层异常变化,但是随着异常信号东移和从南太平洋东边界10°S左右传来的反异常信号入侵,热带西南太平洋的异常信号逐渐减弱并消失。稳定性分析表明,北太平洋较大面积区域存在斜压不稳定性或正压不稳定性,有利于ENSO相关的温跃层异常信号以Rossby波形式有效地西传;而在南太平洋,不稳定区的面积较小,且主要局限于海盆东侧,因而传播较弱,这样就造成了ENSO信号在太平洋南、北半球的非对称传播。一般来说,ENSO信号主要在以赤道波导区、东边界、北太平洋纬向区域和西边界组成的回路中循环,在南半球的传播不明显。     

楚科奇海与白令海表层沉积中的钙质和硅质微体化石研究

通过对北冰洋楚科奇海和令海41个表层沉积样品中的有孔虫、介形类等钙质微体化石和硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的定量分析，发现表层沉积中浮游有孔虫几乎缺失，这可能与该区表层生产力相对低、碳酸盐溶解作用较强有关，而底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石的丰度分布则明显受表层沉积物类型、表层初级生物生产力和碳酸盐溶解作用所控制。其中，北冰洋楚科奇海陆架区有孔虫丰度和分异度低，含少量浅水介形类，放射虫在陆架浅水区缺失，但含有较多硅藻和海绵骨针等其它硅质微体化石，反映该区由于海冰、表层海水温度较冷而导致表歧初级生产力相对低。白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫丰度比较科奇海高一个数量级，底栖有孔虫分异度也相对高，硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的丰度与钙质化石一样，其丰度比楚科奇海明显高，反映表层初级生产力相对高。根据白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石丰度、底栖有孔虫胶结质壳比值的水深变化，推测该区碳酸盐溶跃层和补偿深度（CCD）相对浅，分别位于水深2000m和3800m处。     

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TRACES OF URANIUM AND THORIUM IN SEAWATER BY ISOTOPE DILUTION MASS SPECTRO-METRIC ANALYSIS METHOD(IDMS)

The separation and simultaneous determination of the traces of U and Th in seawater by IDMS is described. The detection limits of this method are 2.4×10-9 g for Th and 1.1×10-8 g for U. The concentrations of U and Th in seawater nearby Xiamen were measured, which are 3.20 ppb and 7.73 ppt respectively. The precisions fo the method are ±1.7% for U and ±3.6% for Th respectively.     

SPECIAL FEATURE OF UNDERWATER AMBIENT NOISE IN NORTHERN HUANGHAI SEA AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON WIND SPEED

The local special feature of underwater ambient noise in the northern Huanghai sea has been investigated. The results obtained from the analysis of data measured for six days and nights have shown that the time-varying characterization of ambient noise spectrum level is remarkable and its fluctuation at every analyzed frequency band presents an equiform periodicity varying with time synchronously. The dependence of average ambient sea noise spectrum level on logarithmic wind speed within the middle range (16-30 knot) appears in "V" form.The current Crouch's conclusion (1972) has been developed by us to be a mathematical model based on the segment correlation regression. Using this model to describe and expain the characterization of local ambient sea noise is available.     

基于旋翼无人机雷达的船只目标成像与类型识别研究进展综述

载有成像雷达的旋翼无人机具有成本低廉、对起降条件要求低、飞行姿态灵活多样等优点，可以在热点区域进行普查、详查或长时间悬停凝视等多模式成像监测，现已成为海上船只目标监测识别的重要手段。本文分别从旋翼无人机雷达硬件系统、无人机载雷达动目标成像、船只目标类型识别和目标三维结构特征提取等四方面开展国内外研究进展综述。总结分析发现当前利用旋翼无人机雷达进行船只目标成像和类型识别，尚存在运动船只成像散焦、三维结构重建难度大、类型识别精度低等问题，迫切需要推动相关技术的发展。