Heterosis and heritability estimates for the survival of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under the commercial scale ponds

The aim of the present study is to detect the potential of the base population from diallel crosses of eight introduced strains of the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) for improving the yield. Heterosis and heritability were estimated for pond survival at commercial farm conditions for the base population that included 207 full-sib families from a nested mating design by artificial insemination. Among all the hybrids,the heterosis ranged from –11.37%(UA1×UA2) to 20.53%(UA3×SIN) with an average of 0.953%. The results showed that more than half of the hybrids(51.85%) have negative heterosis for survival rate, but most of the hybrids with positive heterosis have high estimates. The high proportion of negative heterosis for survival rate reminders us that the survival trait also should be considered in the crossbreeding program to avoid yield decrease. However, high positive heterosis manifested in most of the hybrids for survival indicates the usefulness of these hybrids for improving the survival to obtain higher yield by crossbreeding in this breeding program. The heritability estimate for pond survival was 0.092±0.043 when genetic groups were included in the pedigree, and it was significantly different from zero(P0.05). The results from this study also indicated that significant improvement for survival is possible through selection in L. vannamei.     

中国海洋调查船分级方法研究

海洋调查船是开展海洋调查观测的必需工具,是中国"建设海洋强国"、"一带一路"战略实施的重要保障。实行海洋调查船分级制度对于提高中国海洋调查船管理水平,合理安排调查船航次并有效指导国家海洋调查船新建规划具有积极意义。欧美均有系统完善的海洋调查船分级制度,而中国目前还没有。文中在借鉴美国调查船分级制度的基础上,结合中国地理位置以及调查船参数将,中国调查船分为全球级、大洋级、区域级和近岸级4个级别。分级依据选取船舶注册总吨、续航力、自持力、科考定员和实验室面积。在此基础上采用该分级方法对中国现有调查船进行了等级划分,得到了较好的结果。另外,还探讨了选取船舶满载排水量和续航力进行调查船分级的可能,为今后完善调查船分级方法提供了更多的思路。     

日照近岸海域浒苔暴发区浮游植物调查研究

2016年5月和8月浒苔暴发前后,分别对日照近岸海域浒苔暴发区进行了两个航次的浮游植物断面调查。两个航次中,硅藻都占据了调查海域浮游植物组成的主导地位,在种类数上和细胞丰度值上都占了较大的比例。8月航次细胞丰度明显高于5月航次,这与调查海域的历次调查结果相一致。应用PRIMER软件中的单变量分析得到群落种数(S)、丰富度(d)、香农-威纳指数(Shannon-Weaner index)(H′)和均匀度(J),从多样性指数分析可以看出,5月航次的生物多样性优于8月航次,5月航次调查海域浮游植物种类数量和空间分布都较均匀。两个航次中出现的优势种存在较大差别。     

Third-Order Stokes Wave Solutions of the Free Surface Capillary-Gravity Wave and the Interfacial Internal Wave

Based on the Stokes wave theory, the capillary-gravity wave and the interfacial internal wave in two-layer constant depth''s fluid system are investigated. The fluids are assumed to be incompressible, inviscid and irrotational. The third-order Stokes wave solutions are given by using a perturbation method. The results indicate that the third-order solutions depend on the surface tension, the density and the depth of each layer. As expected, the first-order solutions are the linear theoretical results (the small amplitude wave theoretical results). The second-order and the third-order solutions describe the nonlinear modification and the nonlinear interactions. The nonlinear impact appears not only in the n (n≥2) times'' high frequency components, but also in the low frequency components. It is also noted that the wave velocity depends on the wave number, depth, wave amplitude and surface tension.     

Otolith development in larval and juvenile Schizothorax davidi: ontogeny and growth increment characteristics

Laboratory-reared Schizothorax davidi larvae and juveniles were examined to assess the formation and characteristics of David’s schizothoracin otoliths.Otolith development was observed and their formation period was verifi ed by monitoring larvae and juveniles of knownage.The results revealed that lapilli and sagittae developed before hatching,and the first otolith increment was identified at 2 days post hatching in both.The shape of lapilli was relatively stable during development compared with that of sagittae;however,growth of four sagittae and lapilli areas was consistent,but the posterior area grew faster than the anterior area and the ventral surface grew faster than the dorsal surface.Similarly,the sum length of the radius of the anterior and posterior areas on sagittae and lapilli were linearly and binomially related to total fish length,respectively.Moreover,daily deposition rates were validated by monitoring knownage larvae and juveniles.The increase in lapilli width was 1.88±0.080 0μm at the ninth increment,which reached a maximum and the decreased gradually toward the otolith edge,whereas that of sagittae increased more slowly.These results illustrate the developmental biology of S.davidi,which will aid in population conservation and fish stock management.     

基于灰色关联分析法的松辽盆地CO_2地质储存适宜性评价

松辽盆地是中国主要的能源基地,随着中国振兴东北老工业基地政策的实施,如何应对工业和经济发展带来的CO_2排放量的增加,将成为亟需解决的问题。在盆地内进行CO_2地质储存将成为盆地内解决该问题的主要技术选择之一。以松辽盆地为研究对象,在深入分析松辽盆地CO_2地质储存条件的基础上,从储存规模、储存安全性和社会环境风险及经济适宜性4个方面综合考虑,构建了由16个指标组成的松辽盆地CO_2地质储存适宜性评价指标体系,利用灰色关联分析法对松辽盆地33个二级构造单元进行了盆地级适宜性评价工作,评价结果为进一步场地级目标靶区的筛选提供了科技支撑。     

北阿尔金地区古元古代岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

北阿尔金是塔里木克拉通变质基底的主要出露区之一。对该区具有侵入接触关系的正长花岗岩和花岗片麻岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究。正长花岗岩中的锆石多呈椭圆状,具有振荡环带结构,部分颗粒中可见老锆石残核,Th/U值较高,亏损轻稀土元素,富集重稀土元素,具有负Eu异常和正Ce异常的特点,表明该组锆石为岩浆成因。定年结果获得1903±13Ma和2506±55Ma两组年龄加权平均值,前者代表岩体的结晶年龄,后者为捕获锆石年龄,结合区域年代学资料,认为正长花岗岩岩浆侵入过程中可能捕获了太古宇米兰群的古老基底锆石。花岗片麻岩中16个测点的锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄集中于1802±28Ma,代表了岩体侵位时代,其余5个测点的锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为1911~1951Ma,说明岩浆侵位过程中捕获了部分正长花岗岩的物质。区域地质与同位素年代学研究表明,北阿尔金地区广泛存在2.0~1.8Ga的构造-热事件。获得的花岗质岩石的1.9~1.8Ga的年龄结果,直接证实了北阿尔金存在约1.9Ga的岩浆作用,可能为古元古代Columbia超大陆汇聚事件在该地区的响应,为探讨塔里木板块前寒武纪构造-热事件演化历史提供了新资料。古元古代末期约1.8Ga的花岗片麻岩,代表了后造山伸展阶段的岩浆活动。     

基于岩石物理模型的页岩孔隙结构反演及横波速度预测

准确预测储层的等效孔隙纵横比对页岩储层岩石物理建模及横波速度预测具有重要意义。为分析页岩储层孔隙纵横比及预测横波速度,提出了基于岩石物理模型的页岩孔隙纵横比反演及横波速度预测方法。本文首先通过岩石物理模型建立岩石的纵、横波速度与孔隙纵横比、孔隙度和矿物组分等参数之间的定量关系,寻找最佳孔隙纵横比;然后通过使理论预测与实际测量的纵波速度之间误差达到最小的方式反演孔隙纵横比,并以此为约束预测横波速度。实际测井数据反演结果表明,龙马溪组页岩地层的孔隙纵横比稳定,而围岩的孔隙纵横比变化范围较大;说明与围岩相比,页岩的孔隙结构更为稳定。同时,预测得到的页岩横波速度与实测横波速度的误差较小,另外对于缺少矿物组分资料的页岩层段,用平均矿物组分预测得到的横波速度误差仍较小;说明与矿物组分相比,龙马溪组页岩的纵、横波速度对孔隙纵横比参数更敏感。综上所述,利用该方法可预测到较为准确的等效孔隙纵横比和横波速度。     

基于规则的地理国情普查质量检查系统的设计与实现

针对全国第一次地理国情普查及四川省地理省情普查,笔者结合生产实际,研究和探讨了地理国情普查成果数据质量检查的内容、技术方法及精度指标,设计了内容完整、检查科学的质量检查模型,研发了自动化程度高、拓展性强、运行稳定、检查效率高的地理国情普查质量检查软件,介绍了软件的功能、特点及应用情况。     

中国近海海表温度对气候变暖及暂缓的显著响应

基于多套全球海温再分析数据和2种线性趋势分析方法,评估了1958-2014年中国近海海表温度（SST）的变化及其对全球气候变化的响应特征,并与全球平均地表温度特别是与若干重要海区的SST做了比较。研究表明：在全球变暖的显著加速期（1980年代和1990年代）,中国近海区域年平均SST表现出更快速的升温特征,其速率达0.60℃/10a,是同期全球平均升温速率的5倍以上;在变暖暂缓期（1998-2014年）,中国近海SST出现显著的下降趋势。研究还表明,中国近海区域SST的年代际变化与太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）的位相转换一致,前者SST的快速上升（下降）期与PDO正（负）位相最大值的时期相对应,PDO可能是通过东亚季风和黑潮影响中国近海SST的年代际变化。