嵩山地区新构造运动研究

根据几年来对嵩山地区的考察和研究 ,通过对夷平面、河流阶地、串珠状洪积扇等诸多地貌现象的分析 ,论述了嵩山地区新构造运动以间歇性抬升运动和掀斜运动为主的特征。     

Temporal stability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measured by electromagnetic induction techniques

Assessing and managing the spatial variability of hydropedological properties are important in environmental,agricultural,and geological sciences.The spatial variability of soil apparent electrical conductivity（ECa） measured by electromagnetic induction（EMI） techniques has been widely used to infer the spatial variability of hydrological and pedological properties.In this study,temporal stability analysis was conducted for measuring repeatedly soil ECa in an agricultural landscape in 2008.Such temporal stability was statistically compared with the soil moisture,terrain indices（slope,topographic wetness index（TWI）,and profile curvature）,and soil properties（particle size distribution,depth to bedrock,Mn mottle content,and soil type）.Locations with great and temporally unstable soil ECa were also associated with great and unstable soil moisture,respectively.Soil ECa were greater and more unstable in the areas with great TWI（TWI 〉 8）,gentle and concave slope（slope 〈 3%; profile curvature 〉 0.2）.Soil ECa exponentially increased with depth to bedrock,and soil profile silt and Mn mottle contents（R2= 0.57）,quadratically（R2 = 0.47）,and linearly（R 2 = 0.47）,respectively.Soil ECa was greater and more unstable in Gleysol and Nitosol soils,which were distributed in areas with low elevation（〈 380 m）,thick soil solum（〉 3 m）,and fluctuated water table（shallow in winter and spring but deep in summer and fall）.In contrast,Acrisol,Luvisol,and Cambisol soils,which are distributed in the upper slope areas,had lower and more stable soil ECa.Through these observations,we concluded that the temporal stability of soil ECa can be used to interpret the spatial and temporal variability of these hydropedological properties.     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

复杂机场环境的多维动态可视化方法

针对飞行器可视导航中复杂机场空地环境多维要素动态交互可视化的难题,基于空地环境要素威胁语义统一的信息场模型,采用体绘制、面绘制与切片绘制混合的方法对机场近区域复杂多样的地形地貌、电磁和气象等威胁态势信息进行交互式动态可视化表达。以某机场的典型模拟数据为例,实现了威胁态势的动态交互可视化,验证了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

浙西里垄正长岩SIMS锆石U Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

江山—绍兴断裂带内发育的新元古代岩浆岩,对理解江南造山带新元古代构造演化以及Rodinia超大陆聚合与裂解有重要意义。本文首次报道了浙西里垄正长岩的SIMS锆石U Pb年龄、全岩地球化学研究结果。里垄正长岩具有较高的SiO2（平均值为5965%）,低的镁铁质含量（FeOT和MgO平均值分别为406%和141%）;Na2O/K2O值介于327~534,平均为446;铝饱和指数(A/CNK)介于085~094,具有钙碱性准铝质I型花岗岩特征。正长岩富集K、Ba等大离子亲石元素,Th、Ce等高场强元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素,与安第斯型钙碱性系列岩石基本一致;样品具有轻微Eu负异常,δEu平均值为082,指示有少量斜长石的结晶分异。正长岩锆石U Pb定年结果为8407±24 Ma,属于新元古代中期岩浆活动的产物。基于本次研究结果,里垄正长岩可能形成于古洋壳向西北俯冲后在扬子地块产生的大陆弧后环境,岩浆源区为下地壳。结合区域构造演化资料,本文提出840 Ma左右扬子与华夏仍未最终碰撞,新元古代中期浙皖赣相邻区一直处于古华南洋板块持续向扬子东南缘俯冲消减的构造环境,该体系可能与Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件有关。     

有益微生物改善养殖生态研究──Ⅰ.复合微生物分解有机底泥及对鱼类的促生长效应

应用以芽孢杆菌为主导菌的微生物复合制剂进行分解养鱼池有机污泥的试验,菌剂合活菌数为109个／g．用量为1.5～4．5mg·L－1。经一个月的试验,池底原有厚3～5cm的有机污泥被分解,并对鱼类有明显的促生长作用。说明应用以芽孢杆菌为主导菌的微生物复合制剂净化养殖池塘底质是一种有效的措施。     

儿茶酚胺类药物对草鱼鱼种生长激素分泌的影响

通过腹腔注射药物、尾静脉取血、放射免疫测定激素含量等方法研究L-多巴等几种药物对草鱼鱼种生长激素分泌的影响,发现腹腔注射L-多巴、阿朴吗啡可以显著提高草鱼鱼种血清生长激素水平,而腹腔注射多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和6-羟多巴则可明显降低草鱼鱼种血清生长激素水平。说明儿茶酚胺类参与了草鱼鱼种生长激素的分泌调节,L-多巴或其代谢物是通过中枢神经系统促进草鱼鱼种生长激素分泌的,而多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素则是在脑垂体水平上抑制草鱼鱼种生长激素的分泌。     

Estimation of the Land Surface Emissivity in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

An accurate accounting of land surface emissivity(ε) is important both for the retrieval of surface temperatures and the calculation of the longwave surface energy budgets.Since ε is one of the important parameterizations in land surface models(LSMs),accurate accounting also improves the accuracy of surface temperatures and sensible heat fluxes simulated by LSMs.In order to obtain an accurate emissivity,this paper focuses on estimating ε from data collected in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert by two different methods.In the first method,ε was derived from the surface broadband emissivity in the 8–14 μm thermal infrared atmospheric window,which was determined from spectral radiances observed by field measurements using a portable Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,the mean ε being 0.9051.The second method compared the observed and calculated heat fluxes under nearneutral atmospheric stability and estimated ε indirectly by minimizing the root-mean-square difference between them.The result of the second method found a mean value of 0.9042,which is consistent with the result by the first method.Although the two methods recover ε from different field experiments and data,the difference of meanvalues is 0.0009.The first method is superior to the indirect method,and is also more convenient.     

Characteristics and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in Early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area，Inner Mongolia

The authors studied zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,the zircon Hf isotope and geochemistry of acidic volcanic rocks in Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia,and discussed the chronology, source region and tectonic setting of the volcanic rocks in the studied area． The clear oscillatory zoning of zir- cons indicates a typical magmatic origin,and the results of dating show that the volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation were formed in Early Cretaceous (121.5 ±1.0 Ma)． The features of major and trace elements show that the rocks are alkali-rich,poor in calcium and magnesium with enrichment in LILEs like Th,U,K and Gd and depletion in HFSEs,e.g. Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti． The fact implies that they were the products of partial melting of the crust． εHf(t) = ( +6.30--+9.06) and TDM2=600--835 Ma,suggest the magma originated from par- tial melting of the young crust． Combined with the evolution of regional tectonic structure,the authors conclude that the acidic volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation may be formed under the extensional environment relat- ed to the subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate．     

基于位移强度概念分析大坝变形规律

为改变以单个监测点为研究对象分析大坝变形规律的方法,提出位移强度概念,并以此作为分类标准,借鉴决策树算法,根据大坝所有监测点的坐标建立模型,计算并分析大坝在某一方向上的整体变形规律。