Burst strain disturbance—A new test study on fracture precursor

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大洋温盐环流的稳定性及变率模拟研究进展

围绕大洋温盐环流的稳定性和变率,以三维原始方程大洋环流模式（OGCM）和海气耦合模式为重点,兼顾理想概念模式,总结了近年来模拟研究的主要成果。概括了几个主要前沿方向——大洋温盐环流的多平衡态现象、数十年／年代际变率以及百年到千年尺度的变率特性等的研究成果,探讨了其内部机制。     

流体（水）在孕震过程中的作用

本文在DD模式和IPE模式的基础上,提出了流体（水）扩散造成失稳的想法。对孕震过程的四个阶段给出了初步的定量讨论,突出了流体（水）的作用。以波速比前兆为例,求出了孕震时间的计算公式,发现孕震时间和余震区特征长度的平方并不严格成正比,可能含有一个三次因子。在作了适当近似和简化后,本文以实际数字对所求得的公式作了检验,计算结果和经验值吻合较好。     

Reconstruction of the summer rainfall regime for the last 500 years in China

The anomalies of summer rainfall (June–August) for the last 500 years in China have been estimated according to the relationship between the instrumentally observed rainfall and the degrees of floods and droughts for the last 25 years. It is shown that calculated anomalies of average rainfall for 10, 20 and 30 year periods have sufficient accuracies. The long-term climatic variations for the last 500 years are discussed based on the estimated anomalies of summer rainfall of 25 stations over the E part of China for the last 500 years. For example, there were prolonged drought in the N of China at about the end of Ming dynasty, but there were extensive floods in China for the early times of Qing dynasty. The anomalies of rainfall for the last 500 years were averaged along latitude zone and their decade running mean were formed. It was found that the long-term variations are very clear. The 80 year cycle is predominating. Besides, an about 200 year cycle is also shown in the charts of 50-year mean rainfall anomalies. It is indicated that both above mentioned cycles relate closely to the solar activity.     

一种锁相环调频方法在铷原子频标中的应用

为了进一步实现铷原子频标小型化,分析了几种典型的锁相环调频电路及其特点,设计了一种锁相环二进制移频键控2FSK(binary frequency shift keying)调频方案,给出了调频信号的频谱测试结果。该调频方案已成功地应用在小型化数字式铷原子频标中,能够满足小型化铷原子频标的要求。     

Impacts of anthropogenic activities on the Changjiang(Yangtze)estuarine ecosystem(1998–2012)

Estuarine ecosystem has greatly changed in the recent decades due to anthropogenic perturbations in the Changjiang Estuary. Change patterns and impact factors were analyzed based on the continuous data...     

黑龙江省干旱及植被分布的时空变化分析

干旱是影响社会经济系统和自然生态系统的重要气象灾害.本研究基于多时间序列的SPEI和NDVI栅格数据,利用GIS空间分析方法和统计分析方法,对比分析了2000—2018年黑龙江省干旱和植被分布的时空变化特征,从而揭示了干旱对植被分布的影响.研究表明:1)干旱具有明显的年际和季节特征,以及干湿变化的阶段性和趋势性,呈东—西干湿反向变化空间分布;2)植被分布具有明显季节特征,但年际特征不明显,呈西北、北部和东南部高,东北、西南部低的空间分布;3)干旱对植被分布影响具有复杂性.研究结果可为干旱防灾减灾和影响评估以及区域生态恢复提供参考依据.     

基于Biome-BGC模型的小兴安岭森林碳通量时空分析

全球气候变化是当前人类生存和发展所面临的严峻挑战,森林生态系统在减缓温室效应和维持全球碳平衡中发挥着重要作用.本文以黑龙江省小兴安岭地区森林为研究对象,将通量观测和生态过程模型相结合,采用Biome-BGC模型估算森林碳通量,使用M-K方法和EOF方法进行了时空分析,并发现了2000—2015年小兴安岭森林碳通量的时空特征规律.研究结果表明:在时间上,具有明显的年际变化特征,且呈波动下降的总趋势;在空间上,具有同向分布模式和反向分布模式的空间分布特征.本研究成果将为我国制定应对全球变化的战略决策,以及生态文明建设和环境保护提供科学参考依据.     

汶川地震引发高速远程滑坡运动机理数值模拟研究——以谢家店子滑坡为例

针对汶川地震引发的谢家店子滑坡,在现场调查分析的基础上,建立了二维离散元数值模拟模型,采用2D-Block软件对其进行了全过程的数值模拟研究,并通过对跟踪块体的深入分析,研究了相应地质体在不同阶段下的运动特征。模拟结果表明,谢家店子滑坡经历了剧动启程抛掷阶段、快速撞击飞行阶段、铲刮减速碎屑流阶段及堆积掩埋阶段。为了揭示地震引发高速滑坡的发生规律,分别研究了地震震级、斜坡地形和斜坡上岩块的尺寸对高速滑坡启动和运动过程的影响规律。地震震级对边坡的启动、变形、破坏和运动有很大的影响,地震震级越大,滑体启动的加速度和速度也就越大,从而易形成高速远程滑坡。斜坡体本身的地形地貌对滑体运动也有较大影响。在震级和岩石力学参数一定的条件下,斜坡上岩块的大小对其启动、变形和运动过程有一定影响,随着岩块的增大,滑体运动的每个阶段历时都在减小,但当岩体十分破碎时,滑体虽然能够运动,但是很难发生抛掷。将地震滑坡的启动机理概括为积累变形效应、振荡启程效应和振荡加速效应。     

Sedimentary Features and Their Implications of Microdigital Stromatolites from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian Section in North China

<正>The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section in Tianjin is a set of more than 3000-m-thick stromatolitic carbonate succession.In this succession,several lithofacies units,that is,the subtidal stromatolitic biostrome,the thrombolitic bioherm,tidal-flat micritic dolomite and lagoon dolomitic shale,make up many meter-scale cycles of the peritidal carbonate type that have been nominated as the Wumishan cycles.Importantly,many microdigital stromatolites make up the stromatolitic biostrome unit of the Wumishan cycles in the lower part of the Wumishan Formation. These microdigital stromatolites have been grouped as a stromatolitic assemblage by paleontologists, that is,"Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuensis-Scuphus-Yangzhuang columnaris"assemblage.These microdigital stromatolites had also been interpreted as the aragonite(tufa) sea-floor precipitates by sedimentologists,and has further been thought as the special products of the transitional period from the sea-floor aragonite precipitates of the Archean to the clastic and muddy carbonates of the Neoproterozoic.Although there are some restrictions for the stratigraphic meaning of the concept of the stromatolitic assemblage,detailed studies on classification by paleontologists provide an important clue to understand the sedimentological meaning of the microdigital stromatolites.Furthermore,an important and obvious horizon for the end of the microdigital stromatolites was recorded in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section,which provides useful information to understand the stromatolite decline occurred at c.1250 Ma and the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.