海西湾潮流、COD扩散运动的数值模拟

本文采用ADI方法模拟了海西湾的潮流、水位场和COD扩散运动，所得结果与观测值符合较好。计算结果表明：海西湾自净稀释能力良好；扩建后的薛家岛码头，若以0．5t/d的COD负荷量排放，整个海湾水均属一类水质；如果以二类水质标准来评价距离码头500m以外的海域，薛家岛码头的最大COD负荷量可达2．3t/d。     

地壳均衡理论及其在构造地貌研究中的应用

地壳均衡是地球科学的一个基本概念,其理论基础为“轻地壳（密度较小）漂浮在重地幔（较稠密）之上”。均衡理论（如冲压假说、弹性板理论等）和模型（如Airy模型、Pratt模型及弹性板模型等）的产生及发展对研究岩石圈流变学性质、圈层相互作用及造山作用等地球动力学过程有着重要意义。本文总结了相关均衡理论、模型及计算方法,并结合其在不同空间尺度构造地貌现象研究中的运用,包括：① 冰川均衡调整研究中不同模型的优化及其对全球海平面变化的指示意义、② 阐明海山洋岛发育过程及其制约因素、③ 利用弹性板模型重建山脉隆升和盆地挠曲沉降史并进一步探讨二者之间的相互作用、④ 通过研究变形湖滨线有效地约束地球的相关物理参数、⑤ 建立河流三角洲发育特征模型并服务于现代社会经济、⑥ 揭示水库蓄水导致的地壳挠曲变形与浅部地质灾害发育的关系及 ⑦ 同震滑坡对局部地貌改造的影响,讨论并展望了未来地壳均衡在构造地貌学领域的发展方向,即结合高精度大地测量技术与地质年代学方法,定量地解决构造地貌研究中的关键问题,更全面、系统地了解地表过程、地球深部过程与动力学和地球圈层之间的相互作用。     

Effects of sediment organic matter quality on bioaccumulation, degradation, and distribution of pyrene in two macrofaunal species and their surrounding sediment

Sediment dwelling macrofauna (infauna) are important vectors for the transfer of sediment-associated contaminants to higher trophic levels. Sedimenting organic matter constitutes an important food source for all benthic organisms and changes seasonally in terms of quantity and quality. Sediment organic matter (SOM) quality affects organism activity and feeding behaviour, and is therefore also likely to affect contaminant fate in benthic systems. We investigated the impact of SOM quality (enrichment with either labile Tetraselmis sp. or refractory lignin) on the accumulation and metabolism of sediment-associated pyrene in Nereis diversicolor (Annelida) and Amphiura filiformis (Echinodermata), as well as the combined effect of SOM quality and infaunal bioturbation on pyrene distribution and metabolism in the sediment. After 45 d of exposure, SOM quality almost doubled pyrene bioaccumulation in both species, while pyrene metabolism remained unaffected. Metabolites comprised approximately 80% of the total tissue pyrene in N. diversicolor and approximately 40% in A. filiformis. A. filiformis arms contained one fifth of the disk pyrene concentration. Approximately 20% of the pyrene found in A. filiformis arms was found to be covalently bound to, e.g. DNA, RNA or proteins, thus reducing pyrene bioavailability to arm-cropping predators. The sedimentary pyrene distribution and metabolism was species-dependent, but correlated poorly with prevailing knowledge on species-specific bioturbation patterns. This was attributed to the comparably high biodegradability of the contaminant thus altering its sorptive characteristics and function as inert tracer. Subduction of pyrene and metabolites occurred, and the fraction of pyrene covalently bound to SOM increased with depth, thereby removing pyrene from the bioavailable pool. Our results imply that bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of sediment-associated PAH should increase following fresh organic matter input, e.g. after sedimentation of phytoplankton blooms. We stress the importance of considering behavioural characteristics of infauna and the trophic situation of the system when assessing fate and effects of sediment-associated contaminants.     

Beach morphodynamics forcements in oiled shorelines: Coupled physical and chemical processes during and after fuel burial

In November 2002, the sinking of the Prestige oil tanker off the Galician coast (N.W. Spain) caused the largest ecological catastrophe in the history of Spain, affecting the coast called the 'Costa da Morte' (Galicia, N.W. Spain). This work is focused on the study of the oil contamination of the intertidal area of two beaches located on this stretch of coast. The study of twenty cores extracted from both beaches has identified fuel embedded in the sedimentary column up to a depth of 2.38 m (this being the maximum depth of extraction). This, along with the presence of oil below the groundwater indicates the existence of a new factor which determines the burial of oil: the morphodynamic behaviour of the beach. Furthermore, this morphodynamic variation conditions the physical appearance of the buried oil. Four different types have been identified: tar-balls (cm), particles (mm), oil coatings on sediment grains and on emulsion, with distribution patterns conditioned by the degree of wave exposure. The analysis of the information obtained have permitted the development of a conceptual model of the burial and oil evolution in the sedimentary column in relation to wave exposure, and thus to the morphodynamic variability of the beach.     

鄂东南丰山铜（金）矿田新一轮找矿工作新进展

丰山铜（金）矿田是鄂东南铁铜多金属成矿区内最重要的铜金矿田之一。通过实施企业科研找矿项目和国家危机矿山找矿资助项目,利用多种找矿方法相结合,对丰山铜矿深边部及外围进行了成矿预测综合研究,取得了一些对矿田成矿的新认识,建立了新的找矿模式,并成功地预测了有利的找矿靶区,经工程验证于深边部发现了可观的铜金工业矿体。上述成果表明：大中型老矿山的深边部及外围仍然是找矿最有希望、最为经济的地区。     

识别判定云的几点体会

云的演变很复杂,在地面气象观测中观测员对云的识别和判定最为关键,根据长期观测的经验,要正确判定云状、估计云量、测定云高和选定云码,必须对云形成原因进行分析研究,掌握云状的演变规则,才能做到准确无误。     

扬子地台西缘钾质煌斑岩类的岩石学研究

扬子地台西缘钾质煌麻岩的矿物组合中缺少钾碱镁门石、柱红石等富钾贫铝矿物，其辉石和白榴石富Ａｌ２Ｏ３，金云母贫ＴｉＯ２，透长石的Ｎａ２Ｏ含量高。全岩Ａｌ２Ｏ３高，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（＜０．７）低，（Ｇｄ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ低。岩体中含有二辉橄榄岩包体、镁铝榴石捕虏体晶。这些特点表明其岩浆源区的亏损程度低。此外，钾质煌斑岩明显亏损Ｎｂ、Ｔｉ，可能是与其源区经受过板块边缘活动影响有关。