虾塘充气增氧精养高产试验

虾塘鼓风机充气增氧精养高产试验,目前在我国很少见到报道。 鉴于当今养虾业日趋严重的虾病危害,又缺乏经济、有效的防治办法,在对虾养殖活动中实行精养高产,面临重重困难。为另辟蹊径,以求既能防止病害,又能达到高产高效的     

Impact of sediment organic matter quality on the fate and effects of fluoranthene in the infaunal brittle star Amphiura filiformis

Hydrophobic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) readily adsorb to organic matter. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the quality of sedimentary organic matter for the uptake, biotransformation and toxicity of the PAH, fluoranthene (Flu), in the infaunal brittle star Amphiura filiformis. Brittle stars were exposed to a base sediment covered by a 2 cm Flu-spiked top layer (30 microg Flu/g dry wt. sed.), enriched to the same total organic carbon content with either refractory or labile organic matter. The labile carbon source was concentrated green flagellate: Tetraselmis spp. The refractory carbon source was lignin from a paper mill. Tissue concentrations of Flu both in disk and arm-fractions were determined as total Flu, parent Flu (i.e. untransformed), aqueous Flu-metabolites, polar Flu-metabolites and tissue residue Flu (i.e. unextractable). Our results showed that sediment particle ingestion is a pathway by which Flu can enter benthic food webs. Flu toxicity (measured as arm-regeneration), but not net accumulation, was dependent on the nutritional quality of the ingested sediment particles. Flu bioaccumulation could not be attributed solely to equilibrium partitioning between organism lipid content and organic content of the sediment. Biotransformation of Flu by brittle stars was very limited and unaffected by organic matter quality. A. filiformis contributed to the downward transport of Flu from the surface sediment to the burrow lining. The limited breakdown of parent Flu by brittle stars and/or microorganisms was relatively higher in burrows compared to surface sediment, and highest in the presence of labile organic matter. Tissue concentrations were higher in disk than in arms, but the proportion of metabolic products relative to parent Flu was higher in arms than in the disk fraction. We estimate that the yearly mobilization of sediment-associated Flu by arm-regeneration in A. filiformis is in the range of 3.8-29.4 microg total Flu eq. m(-2) year(-1) at a sediment concentration of 30 microg Flu/g dry wt. sed.     

逆方法最优解确定九州近海流速、流量

日本以南海域的调查研究,过去已有不少报道[1~3].众所周知,东海黑潮、西太平洋水和九州沿岸水在九州附近海域交汇,近年来,这里一直是中日黑潮合作调查研究[4]的重点海区之一这些工作显示,日本以南海域的基本特征表现为黑潮路径的大弯曲及其伴生的大冷水团和黑潮两侧中尸度涡的消长过程等等,同时表明确定该海区的流速、流量是探讨以上特征的主要内容之一以往多数作者是采用动力计算方法来确定黑潮相对流速、流量.大家知道,动力计算在不同的参考零面下所得的结果是不同的,这在黑潮强流区表现得尤为明显[5].     

苗儿山矿田花岗岩型高品位铀矿成矿环境及控制条件

(1)透镜状菱形断块及其对花岗岩型高品位铀矿床的控制 走滑叠接带所形成的透镜状菱形断块是花岗岩型高品位铀矿床最普遍、最重要的成矿构造场地.矿床定位于菱形断块内,如苗儿山矿田由新宁一资源断裂的次一级控制断裂双瓜断裂、天金断裂、香草坪断裂、茶狮断裂、孟沙断裂呈向北撒开,由南收敛的走滑带状叠接,形成东西高角度对倾、具地堑式正断层组合的菱形断块,控制了沙子江、双滑江及孟公界等高品位铀矿床分布(图1).     

有关煌斑岩分类的建议

本文简介了Rock(1987)的煌斑岩分类,并根据我国资料参考世界煌斑岩的特征提出了新的初步分类方案,共分为:超镁铁质煌斑岩(UML)、(钠质)碱性煌斑岩(AL_(Na))、钾质碱性煌斑岩(AL_K)、(钠质)钙碱性煌斑岩(CAL_(Na)、钾质钙碱性煌斑岩(CAL_K)、超钾质煌斑岩(UPL)、过钾质煌斑岩(PPL)、钾镁煌斑岩(LL)等8类。应用SiO_2—K_2O图解、K/A1一K/(K+Na)图解,并结合矿物共生组合可将煌斑岩作出划分。     

东营凹陷沙三段下部纹层泥岩中的碳酸盐矿物

沙三段下部纹层泥岩由富有机质纹层泥岩和钙质块状纹层泥岩组成。富有机质纹层泥岩由富有机质纹层、富粘土矿物纹层一方解石层组成。钙质块状纹层岩由细粒方解石纹层、富粘土矿物纹层组成。富有机质纹层通常含有机质、粘土矿物、石英、长石和黄铁矿。富粘土矿物纹层由粘土矿物、铁白云石、细粒方石、石英、长石和黄铁矿组成。     

南堡油田保持中深层泥页岩井壁稳定钻井液研究

在南堡油田中深层钻井过程中,东二、东三、沙一段泥页岩的剥落掉块经常造成井壁坍塌掉块、钻具阻卡、电测遇阻等井下复杂情况。分析了中深层泥页岩的理化特性,研究探讨了泥页岩的坍塌机理。在此基础上,提出了选用强封堵抑制型钻井液是有效抑制中深层泥页岩剥落掉块的根本措施。这一研究成果对于在南堡油田中深层开发工程中提高钻速、减少井下复杂情况发生具有重要意义。     

Quantity, composition, and source of sediment collected in sediment traps along the fringing coral reef off Molokai, Hawaii

Sediment traps were used to evaluate the frequency, cause, and relative intensity of sediment mobility/resuspension along the fringing coral reef off southern Molokai (February 2000-May 2002). Two storms with high rainfall, floods, and exceptionally high waves resulted in sediment collection rates>1000 times higher than during non-storm periods, primarily because of sediment resuspension by waves. Based on quantity and composition of trapped sediment, floods recharged the reef flat with land-derived sediment, but had a low potential for burying coral on the fore reef when accompanied by high waves. The trapped sediments have low concentrations of anthropogenic metals. The magnetic properties of trapped sediment may provide information about the sources of land-derived sediment reaching the fore reef. The high trapping rate and low sediment cover indicate that coral surfaces on the fore reef are exposed to transient resuspended sediment, and that the traps do not measure net sediment accumulation on the reef surface.     

Water quality condition and trend in North Queensland waterways

The Queensland Environmental Protection Agency monitored water quality at 133 sites in North Queensland waterways between Cooktown and Bundaburg from 1992 to 2001. Condition of the waterways was rated by comparing recent data with the Queensland Water Quality Guidelines. Long-term trends were analysed using a censored regression technique that incorporates the effects of flow, temperature, seasonality and allows for long-term non-linear trends. Many sites were in good condition; those in poor condition were usually impacted by point source discharges; those in moderate condition were usually impacted by agricultural land use. There were no consistent long-term trends across the whole region. Recommendations for future programs include incorporating pressure indicators, ensuring high standards of quality assurance, including covariates such as rainfall in trend assessment and continuing programs over more than 10 years to allow detection of trends due to changes in land-use.