Beach morphodynamics forcements in oiled shorelines: Coupled physical and chemical processes during and after fuel burial

In November 2002, the sinking of the Prestige oil tanker off the Galician coast (N.W. Spain) caused the largest ecological catastrophe in the history of Spain, affecting the coast called the 'Costa da Morte' (Galicia, N.W. Spain). This work is focused on the study of the oil contamination of the intertidal area of two beaches located on this stretch of coast. The study of twenty cores extracted from both beaches has identified fuel embedded in the sedimentary column up to a depth of 2.38 m (this being the maximum depth of extraction). This, along with the presence of oil below the groundwater indicates the existence of a new factor which determines the burial of oil: the morphodynamic behaviour of the beach. Furthermore, this morphodynamic variation conditions the physical appearance of the buried oil. Four different types have been identified: tar-balls (cm), particles (mm), oil coatings on sediment grains and on emulsion, with distribution patterns conditioned by the degree of wave exposure. The analysis of the information obtained have permitted the development of a conceptual model of the burial and oil evolution in the sedimentary column in relation to wave exposure, and thus to the morphodynamic variability of the beach.     

大风精细化预报及对动车安全影响

以2014—2017年新疆铁路强风区逐小时风速监测资料为基础,开展了基于EC细网格二次建模和上游指标站2种大风精细化预报方法研究,结合铁路部门、科研院所、气象部门联合在新疆开展的11次大风环境下动车组行车安全试验,建立起一套将大风精细化预报和大风环境下动车安全试验紧密结合的服务应用模式,该模式在兰新客专线大风条件下动车组行车安全试验的前期准备、进度安排、试验计划修订以及现场运行试验的全过程中起到了关键决策作用,也可满足行车调度和防灾应急指挥对气象信息的特殊需求。     

中国西南地区东部秋季干旱的环流特征及其成因分析

利用1961--2010年NCEP／NCAR再分析资料和全国753站月平均降水资料,研究了我国西南地区东部秋季干旱的环流特征及其成因。结果表明,西南地区东部秋季降水存在明显的年际和年代际变化。其中,年代际变化主要表现为,在20世纪80年代中后期,降水存在由多转少的突变;降水量年际变化则与苏门答腊一西太平洋和热带东太平洋的海温分布存在很好的关系。当苏门答腊一西太平洋和东太平洋海温呈现“＋-”异常分布时,引起大气热源的异常,加强哈德莱环流,同时,在南海及孟加拉湾附近激发出异常气旋性环流,而西南地区东部则处于南海气旋性环流外围异常偏北气流控制,削弱了孟加拉湾的水汽输送,从而造成西南地区东部的干旱。通过大气环流模式NCARCAM3．0（Community Atmosphere Model3．0）的海温异常试验,验证了上述观测结论。     

华北地区中奥陶统蒸发盐岩溶解坍塌角砾岩化作用

华北地区中奥陶统下马家沟组第二、四段及上马家沟组第三段广泛分布着三层角砾岩。角砾岩系由蒸发盐溶解致使其白云岩夹层及残留蒸发盐岩沉陷坍塌所形成。这是一个复杂的过程,可划分为四个阶段:1.蒸发盐岩层塑性变形和矿物相的转变导致原生沉积构造破坏和部分角砾岩化;2.形成具蒸发盐和白云石基质的角砾岩;3.形成具白云石基质的角砾岩;4.形成细-粗晶石灰岩、角砾灰岩。     

Relationship between anthropogenic sewage discharge, marsh structure and bird assemblages in an SW Atlantic saltmarsh

One of the main effects of urbanization on coastal areas is through the discharge of sewage, which increases nutrient concentrations in the receiving environment. Salt marshes, like other coastal marine environments, are limited by nutrients, mainly nitrogen, and thus increasing nutrient loadings to a marsh may have consequences on marsh characteristics. We evaluated how the effects of nutrient enrichment in the form of sewage input, affected the vegetation structure and bird assemblages in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh system near Bahía Blanca, Argentina (39° 01' S - 56° 25' W). Surveys of nutrient concentration, vegetation and birds were made at three different distances from the sewage discharge source. The concentration of ammonium, phosphate, and nitrate and the percent organic matter was higher in marshes nearest to the sewage discharge source. Bird composition and abundance, and vegetation physiognomy changed along a gradient of nutrient concentration. The increased habitat complexity found near the areas of higher nutrient concentration was exploited by birds that use neighboring interior and coastal habitats, including Spartina densiflora marshes, freshwater marshes and upland shrubby habitats. Our results show that local increases of nutrient inputs directly changed the vegetation physiognomy, and indirectly the composition and abundance of bird assemblages.     

MicroStation J项目定制的研究

简略介绍了MicroStation J下的项目定制的机制、项目设置文件中主要字段的含义、项目的目录结构以及自定义用户的项目内容等。最后介绍了结合江苏省1：50000DLG生产而开发的项目定制实例。     

1958年4月19日日环食时8毫米太阳射电观测

在日食时观测毫米波太阳射电具有很大的意义,所获得的资料可供了解色球低层和色球中层的结构.在日环食时进行这种观测更有价值.苏联科学院和中国科学院所组成的联合观测队于1958年4月19日日环食时在三亚(中华人民共和国海南岛南部     

Atrazine effects on meiobenthic assemblages of a modular estuarine mesocosm

Atrazine is a widely used herbicide in the US found at levels ranging from <10 ng/L to 62.5 microg/L in estuaries throughout the southeast. Effects of atrazine on estuarine meiobenthic assemblages chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations are unknown. The purpose of our research was to assess effects of atrazine on meiobenthos at concentrations near the proposed USEPA SWQC (26 microg/L) using modular estuarine salt marsh mesocosms as a field surrogate. Indigenous copepod and nematode densities were assessed after 28 days of exposure in transplanted colonization chambers. Cluster analysis showed a group characterized by low copepod densities, mostly atrazine exposed chambers, and a group containing all but one control chamber. The later group included chambers with high densities of the copepods Paronychocamptus wilsoni and Enhydrosoma baruchi. Compared to controls, copepod densities was approximately 70% lower in atrazine chambers, with three of the most common copepod species (E. baruchi, Onychocamptus sp. and P. wilsoni) showing an average of 50-70% reduction in population densities (p<0.05). Although nematode density did not differ between atrazine and control chambers, the nematode-to-copepod ratio was significantly higher in atrazine (9.95+/-7.61; p=0.011) than in control chambers (0.61+/-0.35). Our findings suggest that chronic exposures over multiple generations to atrazine at concentrations near the proposed USEPA SWQC could have significant effects on the abundance and composition of estuarine meiobenthic copepod assemblages.