Quantifying bank storage of variably saturated aquifers

Numerical simulations were conducted to quantify bank storage in a variably saturated, homogenous, and anisotropic aquifer abutting a stream during rising stream stage. Seepage faces and bank slopes ranging from 1/3 to 100/3 were simulated. The initial conditions were assumed steady-state flow with water draining toward the stream. Then, the stream level rose at a constant rate to the specified elevation of the water table given by the landward boundary condition and stayed there until the system reached a new steady state. This represents a highly simplified version of a real world hydrograph. For the specific examples considered, the following conclusions can be made. The volume of surface water entering the bank increased with the rate of stream level rise, became negligible when the rate of rise was slow, and approached a positive constant when the rate was large. Also, the volume decreased with the dimensionless parameter M (the product of the anisotropy ratio and the square of the domain's aspect ratio). When M was large (>10), bank storage was small because most pore space was initially saturated with ground water due to the presence of a significant seepage face. When M was small, the seepage face became insignificant and capillarity began to play a role. The weaker the capillary effect, the easier for surface water to enter the bank. The effect of the capillary forces on the volume of surface water entering the bank was significant and could not be neglected.     

知识经济对企业办公室工作的挑战

本文针对知识经济对国家、地区、企业的冲击,结合办公室的工作,服务方式,提出办公室如何在新形势下,充分发挥作用,主动适应挑战。     

知识经济对企业办公室工作的挑战

本文针对知识经济对国家、地区、企业的冲击,结合办公室的工作,服务方式,提出办公室如何在新形势下,充分发挥作用,主动适应挑战。     

Investigation of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbon inputs in sediments using geochemical markers. I. Santos, SP--Brazil

A study on the inputs of organic matter to marine sediments of Santos Bay and Estuary, located in southeastern S?o Paulo State, Brazil, is presented here. The following geochemical markers were identified and quantified: aliphatic hydrocarbons (normal and isoprenoid alkanes), petroleum biomarkers, linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sediment samples, collected at 15 sites in the bay and surrounding channels, were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors. Total concentrations varied from 0.17 to 107.80 microg g(-1) for aliphatics, from 47.2 to 2560.1 ng g(-1) for petroleum biomarkers, from 16.9 to 430.6 ng g(-1) for LABs and from 79.6 to 15389.1 ng g(-1) for PAHs. Anthropogenic contributions were apparent, indicating the influences of the Cubatao industrial complex, sewage outfalls along the area, the waste deposit of Santos city and storage facilities for petroleum and derivatives, based on the higher concentrations of geochemical markers detected.     

高中地理教学中学生地理逻辑思维能力的培养

地理思维能力的培养始终被列为教学目标,可见地理思维能力是现代公民必备的地理素养,有助于学生终生发展的需求。笔者以必修三之“区域可持续发展”模块中的部分案例为例来初浅的探讨一下,如何在高中地理课堂教学中培养学生地理逻辑思维能力。     

勘察设计单位要加强知识产权保护工作

一、知识产权的概念,范围和特征 (一)知识产权的概念和范围 知识产权的称谓来源于18世纪的德国,后来比利时法学家皮卡弟将一切来自知识活动的权利概括为知识产权,这一学说被广泛传播,得到许多国家和国际组织的承认。对我国来说,知识产权是个外来语,是对英文Intellectual Property的一种翻译。目前世界上对知识产权没有统一的定义。从一般意义上来讲,     

Assessment of chemical dispersant effectiveness in a wave tank under regular non-breaking and breaking wave conditions

Current chemical dispersant effectiveness tests for product selection are commonly performed with bench-scale testing apparatus. However, for the assessment of oil dispersant effectiveness under real sea state conditions, test protocols are required to have hydrodynamic conditions closer to the natural environment, including transport and dilution effects. To achieve this goal, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designed and constructed a wave tank system to study chemical dispersant effectiveness under controlled mixing energy conditions (regular non-breaking, spilling breaking, and plunging breaking waves). Quantification of oil dispersant effectiveness was based on observed changes in dispersed oil concentrations and oil-droplet size distribution. The study results quantitatively demonstrated that total dispersed oil concentration and breakup kinetics of oil droplets in the water column were strongly dependent on the presence of chemical dispersants and the influence of breaking waves. These data on the effectiveness of dispersants as a function of sea state will have significant implications in the drafting of future operational guidelines for dispersant use at sea.     

活性水系沉积物的冻结采样技术应用于矿产勘查及环境研究

本文比较了活性水系沉积物的冻结采样技术与常规采样技术，经统计分析，１０种氧化物和２１种微量元素在两种技术之间全部都存在着显著的差异。在１２２个采样点上所得到的氧化物重量百分比和微量元素含量表明：冻结采样可得到具有代表性的沉积物样品。每个采样点为了获得对沉积物中氧化物重量百分比和元素含量具有代表性的评估，需要小于５０％的冻结样品，相反，常规采样由于冲洗和淘洗细粒级沉积物，致命用以常规地球化学分析的沉