激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱微区分析 进展评述

激光剥蚀电感耦合(LA-ICP-MS)等离子体以其高空间分辨率、高灵敏度、多元素同时测定并可提供同位素比值信息的检测能力在原位微区分析中已得到广泛应用。现从仪器的发展、基础研究等方面评述了近年来LA-ICP-MS微区分析的进展,重点介绍了与等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用的激光器(纳秒和飞秒激光器)的发展、校正方法、分馏效应及其在地球科学微量元素、同位素、包裹体分析中的应用。并简要地阐述了LA-ICP-MS分析技术存在的局限和发展趋势。     

岩性油气藏关键技术攻关与应用研究——以准噶尔盆地准东阜11井区为例

随着准噶尔盆地腹部及准东地区勘探程度不断提高,勘探对象也变得复杂,已往古凸起上的断块和低幅度背斜为主的勘探目标变得越来越少,勘探目标转向斜坡区和深凹陷的岩性油气藏成为必然趋势,此类油气藏的主要特点是:圈闭幅度较低,砂层厚度较小,横向变化快,地震识别、落实评价困难.本文针对地质难点,以准噶尔盆地准东阜11井区岩性油气藏为研究对象,逐步形成准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探方法、应用效果体系;在具体工作中利用地质、地震、测井相结合的综合研究方法,分析了准东阜11井区岩性油气藏特征,建立了岩性油气藏勘探理论和方法,开发和自研出了一套适合准噶尔盆地碎屑岩岩性圈闭识别与评价的技术系列,主要包括精细的井震标定技术、精细的全三维自动追踪技术、断裂识别技术、动态构造演化分析技术、沉积微相分析技术、储层预测技术、流体预测技术及有利目标区块选择评价技术;利用此技术系列对准东地区阜11井区侏罗系三工河组(J1s)发育的岩性圈闭进行了综合预测,识别了三个可供钻探的断层-岩性圈闭,其沉积微相为扇三角洲前缘的席状砂,圈闭面积在1.75 km2～6.1 km2之间,砂岩厚度在10 m～25 m之间,油气检测处于有利位置,累计圈闭面积达12.39km2,从而扩大了该区岩性圈闭识别的数量和精度,为岩性油气藏的勘探、开发提供了有力的技术支撑.     

青海东昆仑东山根矿区构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

对青海东昆仑东山根矿区所采集的7个磷灰石样品进行分析,所获得的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分布在136~67 Ma,具体分为136~112 Ma、101~95 Ma和74~67 Ma 3个年龄组,这较好地体现了该地区所经历的构造隆升事件。东山根矿区热历史可分为4个阶段：第1阶段(160~80 Ma),是羌塘地块与拉萨地块发生向欧亚板块挤压拼贴作用的响应阶段;第2阶段(120~80 Ma),经历了阿尔金断裂走滑,青藏高原北部隆升,以及燕山晚期冈底斯地体向北俯冲运动,直到早白垩世晚期发生快速冷却抬升;第3阶段(80~23 Ma),构造事件相对平稳,整体呈轻微抬升,样品随地质体隆升缓慢降温;第4阶段(23 Ma至今),快速冷却抬升,对应印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞作用。     

Polycyclic musks in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) from Hong Kong

Six polycyclic musk compounds [Cashmeran (DPMI), Celestolide (ADBI), Phantolide (AHMI), Traseolide (ATII), Tonalide (AHTN), and Galaxolide (HHCB)] were analysed in marine green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) from Hong Kong. ADBI, HHCB and AHTN were detected in almost all samples, while AHMI, ATII and DPMI were not detected. Concentrations of ADBI, HHCB and AHTN in mussels ranged from below detection limit-0.0743 (mean: 0.0246), 0.247-6.08 (mean: 1.15) and 0.0591-0.738 (mean: 0.190)mg/kg lipid weight, respectively. Mussels from two sampling sites in central Victoria Harbour contained the highest total polycyclic musk levels, suggesting that these waters are heavily influenced by domestic sewage. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN detected in the mussel samples were the second highest and the highest levels, respectively, compared to global concentrations. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that HHCB and AHTN in mussels pose little or no threat to the health of shellfish consumers. Nevertheless, more comprehensive studies are required to further assess the ecological and human health risks associated with polycyclic musks.     

Poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inputs from the Rhône River to the Mediterranean Sea in relation with the hydrological cycle: impact of floods

The concentrations of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in waters of the Rhône River (France) every fortnight for a full calendar year, from June 1994 to May 1995. All flood events occurring over the course of the experiment were sampled at higher frequency to better quantify the impact of these extreme hydrological episodes on the annual export of PAHs to the Mediterranean Sea. This time-series indicates that more than 90% of the annual load of particulate PAHs is transported during flood episodes, with 77% discharged during the course of only one extreme flood event occurring in November 1994. During these intense events, riverine particles are depleted in PAHs while at low river discharge particles are PAH-enriched. Dissolved PAHs were less variable and less abundant than adsorbed PAHs, consistently with the low solubility of these compounds.     

CO2流体对岩屑长石砂岩改造作用的实验

通过密闭容器中CO2-H2O-砂岩体系相互作用实验,研究了不同温度和压力下CO2流体对岩屑长石砂岩成分的改造。反应后溶液中总矿化度的变化、样品质量的损失及扫描电镜(SEM)的观察结果表明:长石、方解石和石英的溶蚀强度随温度的升高而增大,CO2流体对岩屑长石砂岩的溶蚀作用与温度正相关;同时通过扫描电镜观察发现,200℃和300℃时样品表面均有一种未知的铝硅酸盐矿物生成,并通过反应液的pH值及各种离子浓度的变化解释了CO2流体-砂岩相互作用过程中矿物溶解、沉淀的机制。     

Population and employment in selected countries bordering the Pacific

This study is concerned with the dynamics of labor force composition in selected countries bordering the Pacific. The estimates presented are based on national definitions of urban and rural places and of the labor force and are derived primarily from published U.N. data. Variations in labor force composition and in urbanization levels by country are discussed. Countries considered include Canada, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Nicaragua, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States.     

联合国采用“储量／资源国际分类基础”

简述不久前联合国采用的“储量／资源国际分类基础”的主要内容,并指出将其应用有外国投资者参与的设计评价的可能性。