从东亚大陆中、新生代的运动探讨南海的形成演化

根据古地磁、古生物地理和地质构造分析，东亚大陆在中生代中晚期至新生代初期大幅度向南运动；新生代中晚期以来大幅度向北运动。运动学模式发生巨大转变的时期，大致在始新世与渐新世之间，这与全球运动学和动力学发生的重大改组的时间相一致。由此提出大陆后退这一新的南海形成演化的运动学模式。     

长江经济带某石化场地土壤中污染物分布与微生物特征

从长江经济带某在役石化场地采集了3个点位不同深度的土壤样品,测定了石油烃等污染物的含量和微生物的群落结构,以揭示污染物分布规律和微生物特征。结果显示,3个点位污染程度不同,但污染物含量均随深度先升高后降低,最高含量均出现在埋深4.0 m左右,即地下水位附近。土壤中C6-C9高达5 302 mg/kg,C10-C40高达625.6 mg/kg,芳烃高达455.2 mg/kg,卤代烃高达41.54 mg/kg。土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随深度增加而降低,同一深度土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随污染物含量增大而降低。门水平上Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和Spirochaetes的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05),属水平上Streptomyces、SCADC1-2-3、Desulfitobacterium和Cryptanaerobacter的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05)。     

基于包裹体信息分析准噶尔盆地柴窝堡凹陷芦草沟组储层油源及成藏期次

柴窝堡凹陷芦草沟组原油的研究工作取得了重要进展,但由于构造沉积演化十分复杂,目前油源方面的认识仍不清楚,成藏时间尚不明确。利用改进的石油包裹体烃组分分析方法和包裹体定年技术讨论了研究区芦草沟组原油的来源和成藏期次。结果表明,研究区芦草沟组储层第一期充注原油正构烷烃主峰碳数低,C₂₁三环萜烷和C₂₇甾烷相对丰度较高,显示蓝色荧光,为北部半深湖—深湖相芦草沟组烃源岩生成的高成熟原油,于早白垩世在达1井区聚集成藏;第二期充注原油正构烷烃主峰碳数高,C₂₀三环萜烷或C₂₃三环萜烷、C₂₉甾烷相对丰度较高,显示黄绿色、黄色荧光,为研究区滨浅湖相芦草沟组烃源岩生成的较低成熟度原油,于晚白垩世末期—古新世早期在达1井区聚集成藏。     

砂岩铀矿岩心颜色的成像光谱自动识别与定名方法研究

现阶段砂岩铀矿岩心编录中颜色的辨识和描述依赖编录人员的感知与经验知识来完成,急需引入自动化手段,实现颜色识别的定量化和描述的规范化。文章分析了砂岩铀矿颜色和成像光谱数据的特点,参考石油行业岩石颜色参数命名规范,设计了可见—近红外全谱段法和真彩色三通道法的岩心颜色识别流程、结果优化与定名方法,开发了相应的软件代码。在庆阳地区ZKH3孔岩心颜色自动识别与定名实验中,针对岩心块之间空隙和岩心箱残留等干扰会造成颜色异常的问题,提出了通过判别待识别单元及前后色段颜色来去除异常色的方法,提高了颜色和定名的准确率。实验结果表明,三通道法识别的颜色偏暗且分段位置不准确,全谱段法识别结果与彩色相机照片一致,可以作为岩心颜色自动识别的有效方法。     

一次春季大风天气过程成因及预报着眼点分析

利用常规观测资料、NECP再分析资料等,对发生在黑龙江省的一次春季大风天气过程成因进行分析。结果表明:冷空气在高压脊引导下向南移动堆积,在南下过程中有冷空气补充到冷涡中,冷涡不断加强。地面大风主要出现在地面低压的气压水平梯度大值区和冷高压前部(冷锋)的气压水平梯度大值区。500 hPa强冷平流使得地面加压,导致变压梯度加大,变压风加大有利于增强地面风速。较大的垂直风切变和干空气侵入易引起动量下传,使地面风速加强。     

Bioaccumulation and enantiomeric profiling of organochlorine pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in the killer whale (Orcinus orca) from British and Irish waters

Concentrations and enantiomeric profiles for a range of organochlorine compounds are reported in blubber samples from a number of individual killer whales (Orcinus orca) from British and Irish waters. Elevated contaminant levels and enriched isotopic ratios were determined in one individual whale sampled in the Scottish Western Isles compared to the others suggesting marine mammal based dietary influences. The potential application of isotopic ratios to model contaminant uptake, enantioselective enrichment and accumulation is demonstrated. Data are presented which provide information on enantioselective enrichment factors (EFs) for o,p'-DDT, alpha-HCH and toxaphene congeners CHB26 and CHB 50. This dataset further improves the current database on reported levels of a number of contaminants and provides additional background information on potential metabolic processes in killer whales from British and Irish waters.     

三明市PM10浓度突变及影响因子

利用2004—2007年三明市主要大气污染物PM10的监测值及气象因子(气压、风速、温度、湿度、降水、蒸发量)观测资料,以及同期08:00 850 hPa天气图资料,定量分析了PM10的突变特征以及突变与气象因子的相关关系。结果表明:PM10突变事件有明显的季节性特征,冬、春季节发生突变的概率较大;当地面气象要素场出现气压下降、风速减小、相对湿度下降、降水量减小而温度上升、蒸发量加大的配置时,PM10易发生正突变,当出现气压上升、风速加大、相对湿度上升、降水量增加而温度下降、蒸发量减小的配置时,PM10易发生负突变;当受大陆高压后部、暖区辐合系统影响时,PM10发生正突变的概率较高,受大陆高压前部、切变线系统影响时,PM10发生负突变的概率较高。     

Temperature-dependent physiological response of Carcinus maenas exposed to copper

The effect of temperature on the heart rate (fH) of Carcinus maenas exposed to a sublethal nominal concentration (0.5 mg l(-1)) of copper is reported. Adult, intermoult males (4 cm carapace width) were collected from Stavanger Fjord (Norway) in August (seawater TEMPERATURE=17 degrees C) and maintained in the laboratory (fed ad libitum) at 5, 15 and 25 degrees C for 7 days. Following this holding period, crabs were exposed to waterborne copper at the same temperature. After 3 days of exposure, individual fH was measured using the non-invasive Computer Aided Physiological MONitoring system (CAPMON) method. Copper-exposed individuals demonstrated significantly increased fH compared with controls at 5 and 25 degrees C (P<0.01). It is inferred that physiological function in C. maenas may be more vulnerable to copper contamination at seasonal temperature extremes (5 and 25 degrees C) than at the 'standard' test temperature (15 degrees C). Additionally, cardiac arrest observed at 5 degrees C is interpreted as a physiological response to limit copper uptake while the erratic fH in the 25 degrees C group reflected enhanced copper toxicity.