东天山花岗岩与造山带演化

文章通过建立花岗岩类类型与地球动力学之间的联系,试图利用分类清楚、测年准确的花岗岩解决本区地壳及造山带演化过程。根据K2O等地壳成熟度的指标,得出了该地区地壳性质由不成熟→半成熟岛弧→成熟陆壳演变;构造环境由不成熟岛弧→成熟的"大陆化"岛弧→大陆碰撞带演化。总结了东天山地区经历了三大地壳演化时期,分别为前寒武纪基底演化阶段陆核及超大陆形成期;古生代古亚洲洋形成演化期和中生代特提斯―印欧板块碰撞阶段板内演化期。反演出了东天山造山带经历了俯冲汇聚及不成熟陆壳形成阶段→弧―陆碰撞及半成熟陆壳形成阶段→碰撞造山及成熟陆壳形成阶段→陆内造山及陆壳改造阶段→中生代板内演化阶段。     

Two Types of Granites in the Western Yangtze Block and Their Implications for Regional Tectonic Evolution: Constraints from Geochemistry and Isotopic Data

In the western Yangtze Block, widespread Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic rocks are the key to understanding the Precambrian tectonic-magmatic evolution of the region. However, their petrogenesis and tectonic setting are still controversial. In this paper, zircon U-Pb ages, Sm-Nd isotopic and whole-rock geochemical data are reported from selected fresh samples in the southern Dechang county, southwestern China, in order to constrain their emplacement age and magma source, as well as their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. They are mainly composed of biotite monzogranite, monzonitic granite, biotite granodiorites, and quartz diorite. Two ages of 1055 ± 43 Ma and 837.6 ± 3.8 Ma were obtained through zircon U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS, respectively. According to their major element compositions, the Grenville-age granites are peraluminous calc-alkaline series calcic S-type granite. In contrast, the mid-Neoproterozoic granites are metaluminous calc-alkaline series alkalic I-type granite. Furthermore, the S-type granites are enriched in LREEs relative to HREEs with(La/Yb)_N ratios of 3.85–18.56 and underwent major fractionation with strongly negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~* = 0.38–0.66). In the MORB-normalized trace element variation diagram, all the samples are enriched in Ce and large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Th, and K, and depleted in high field strength elements such as Nb, and Ti, with negative Sr and Ti anomalies. The I-type granites are enriched in LREEs with slight negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~* = 0.83–0.93). They are characterized by the enrichment of highly incompatible elements(such as K, Rb, Ba, Th) and LREEs, relative to MORB. Neodymium isotopic data show that the S-type granites display ~(143)Nd/(~(144) Nd) values of 0.51241–0.51256, and have ε_(Nd)(t = 1055 Ma) values of(-3.29) to(-3.81). Calculated t_(DM) ages yield values from 1.87 to 1.91 Ga with the t_(DM).2 stg ages of 1.86 to 1.9 Ga. The I-type granites have ~(143)Nd/(~(144) Nd) ratios between 0.51192 and 0.51195, corresponding to initial ε_(Nd)(t = 837 Ma) values of 1.22 to 5.63. Calculated t_(DM) ages yield values from 1.0 to 1.38 Ga and the t_(DM).2 stg ages yield values from 0.99 to 1.06 Ga. The S-type granites are distinguished as syn-collision granite, whereas the I-type granites were formed as arc magmas according to the Rb-(Yb+Ta) and R_1-R_2 tectonic discrimination diagrams. To conclude, there are two types of spatially associated granite, the Mesoproterozoic S-type granite which were derived from remelting of upper crustal mudstone and/or clastics and resulted from the convergence of two continental plates, and the mid-Neoproterozoic I-type granite which formed in continental arc and resulted from mantle-derived magma mixed crust material, in the western Yangtze Block. Furthermore, we suggest that collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks occurred at about 1055 Ma, and caused the Stype granite. The I-type granite related to the subduction of oceanic lithosphere eastward underneath the Yangtze Block in the mid-Neoproterozoic.     

Newly Discovered Jurassic and Cretaceous Strata in the Yidun Area, SW China and their Constraints on the Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Tethys

<正>The Yushu-Yidun arc magmatic belt has attracted much attention among geologists due to its complete record of the evolutionary process of the Sanjiang tectonic belt in eastern Tethys and its favorable metallogenic conditions.This belt is composed of the Late Triassic volcanicsedimentary rock series,and the Indosinian and Yanshanian granite intrusions.It has long been believed that there are no Jurassic or Cretaceous strata in this area.     

中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估及效果检验

本文基于FloodArea水动力模型及WRF模式,运用气象资料、水文资料、地理信息资料、社会经济统计资料以及灾情调查资料等,以长江一级支流的秋浦河流域为研究区,开展中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估及效果检验。结果表明:FloodArea模型对洪水的淹没范围、淹没水深以及淹没历时等具有较好的模拟效果,可用于中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估与预警业务,并由此初步建立了包含模式降水预报→面雨量计算→洪涝淹没模拟→风险评估→预警发布→效果检验等环节的暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估及效果检验业务流程,实现从以往常规的强降水预报到暴雨洪涝灾害预报的业务延伸,可进行推广应用。     

唐山地区3～4 km深部地应力测量及断层稳定性分析

地应力大小和方向是干热岩开发中注采井网部署、水力压裂设计和诱发地震评估等方面的重要基础数据。本文利用非弹性应变恢复(ASR)地应力测试方法,实测获取了唐山市乐亭县马头营干热岩勘探区3～4 km深度范围的地应力状态。研究结果表明:(1)地应力量值随深度增加而加大,3139～3934 m深度范围内水平最小主应力介于59.0～90.7 MPa之间,水平最大主应力介于103.7～123.6 MPa之间。水平最大主应力方向介于N83°～114°E之间。(2)三向主应力总体表现为σ_H>σ_v>σ_h,表明研究区3～4 km深度构造应力占主导地位,该应力状态有利于走滑断层活动。(3)利用摩尔-库伦准则对邻区断层的稳定性进行分析,结果表明研究区3～4 km深度范围内的断层总体处于稳定的应力环境。(4)干热岩注水开发与断层稳定性分析表明,在统一的区域地应力场作用下,研究区3900～4000 m干热岩注水开发过程中,当地面持续注入压力达到或超过约28 MPa时,可能引起场区内断层的滑动失稳,导致中小地震的发生,在干热岩开发利用中需注...