滕州荆泉水源地水文地质条件分析及防污性能评价

荆泉水源地是滕州市城区的重要供水水源地,近年来随着国民经济的发展,水源地及其上游补给区人类活动的增多,其地下水质有逐渐变差的趋势,查明水源地水文地质条件、评价其防污性能,对开展水源地地下水环境保护、保障滕州市城区供水安全具有重要的意义。本文在充分分析水源地及其所在的水文地质单元——滕县东部丘陵谷地水文地质条件的基础上,分析了水源地水文地质条件的多年变化特征,采用COP法对荆泉水源地进行了防污性能评价并进行了防污性能分区,为水源地地下水的保护和动态监测提供依据。地下水防污性能高的区域位于水文地质单元北部岩浆岩变质岩山区,防污性能中等地区主要分布于水文地质单元的南部山区冲洪积平原,防污性能低区位于水文地质单元的东南部碳酸盐岩山区及其山麓一带。     

Influences of pika and simulated grazing disturbances on bare patches of alpine meadow in the Yellow River Source Zone

Bare patches in alpine meadow are the main manifestation of its degradation. The change of bare patches in an alpine meadow in the Yellow River Source Zone during 2018-2019 was studied in relation to the disturbances caused by plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae) population and simulated grazing via artificial mowing both independently and interactively. The disturbance was set at three levels of high, medium and no disturbance(control group). Bare patches were mapped by from unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) images with fine resolution of 1 cm obtained in August 2018 and August 2019 in ArcGIS. The results showed that the total area of bare patches decreased by 112.05 m~2 in sub-plots devoid of pika disturbance but increased by 126.37 m~2 in other subplots. The highest rate of increase is 89.02%. The individual effect of pika exceeds the joint effect of pika and mowing disturbances. The sole effect of mowing is lower than the joint effect of pika disturbance and intensive mowing, but higher than the joint influence of pika disturbance and moderate mowing. Strong pika disturbance(14 per sub-plot) caused the influence of mowing from moderate to intensive to increase by five-fold. The area of bare patches treated with moderate mowing and no pika disturbance decreased at the highest pace(-37.22%). Intensive mowing and medium density pikas(100 pikas/ha) are considered the thresholds at which the bare patches start to expand. Even if the meadow is mowed at the medium and high intensity, the area of bare patches can be significantly reduced if plateau pika population is controlled to a low level. ANOVA analysis and longterm macro-scale satellite-derived results reveal that pika disturbance is more important in causing the bare patches to change than simulated grazing. Therefore, it is more important to control the number of pikas than to reduce grazing intensity to prevent the expansion of bare patches in the degraded alpine meadow in the study area.     

中哈俄阿尔泰稀有金属矿床时空分布、成因及成矿规律

中哈俄阿尔泰发育许多大型—超大型稀有金属矿床,是世界著名的稀有金属成矿省.该成矿省可分为3个稀有金属成矿带,自西南向东北依次为哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym、中国阿尔泰和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰等.这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,但伟晶岩与花岗岩关系及其伟晶岩成因不一致:在哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和俄罗...     

Baseflow Separation and Its Response to Meteorological Drought in a Temperate Water-limited Basin,North China

Baseflow, a component of the total streamflow, plays a key role in maintaining aquatic habitats, particularly during extreme drought events. This study investigated baseflow response to a prolonged and extreme meteorological drought event in the Baiyangdian Basin(BYD basin), a temperate water-limited basin in North China. Applying a precipitation series, piecewise regression was used to determine this extreme meteorological drought event, while the Automatic Baseflow Identification Technique(ABI...     

Landscape change in response to multiperiod glacial debris flows in Peilong catchment,southeastern Tibet

High-magnitude glacial debris flows in small basins in Himalayas have a significant impact on landscape.The Peilong catchment,a tributary of the Parlung Zangbo river in southeastern Tibet,was chosen as a case study of topographic response to multi-period glacial debris flows.There are few large debris flow records in the catchment before 1983,but four large-scale glacial debris flows with peak discharge up to 8195 m3/s blocked the river during 1983–1985 and in 2015.A combination of field survey,examination of historical records and interpretation of multi-period remote sensing images was used to assess triggering factors and geomorphic impact of the events.The results show that the debris flows during 1983 and 1985 may be attributed to seismic events in 1981 and 1982,while the event in 2015 resulted from large amount of landslide deposits caused by glacier retreat during 1993~2013 and high precipitation in 2015.In the upper-midstream broad valley,erosion and accumulation of the debris flows changed the channel morphology,resulting in course diversion.In the lower-midstream narrow valley,lateral erosion of debris flows induced a large number of landslides but had little impact on the channel longitudinal profile.The ability of massive glacial debris flows to change valley topography is more than ten times that of regular water flows.The landscape of the accumulation fan at the outlet of the valley is controlled by the interaction between the sediment transportation capacity of debris flows and erosional capacity of the main river.The sediment transport capacity of the Peilong river is greater than the delivery capacity of the Parlung Zangbo river,resulting in continuous aggradation of the confluence zone.     

罗布泊“大耳朵”地区多源遥感影像数据库的设计与实现

目前,由空间数据引擎管理遥感影像数据的技术已经非常成熟,但在对多源遥感影像数据的合理组织和有效管理以及数据共享方面,还需要寻求更有效的方法。本文在分析不同遥感影像类型的基础上,结合罗布泊“大耳朵”地区研究的需要,设计实现了该区多源遥感影像数据库。讨论了逻辑上设计相同空间分辨率和不同空间分辨率的多源遥感影像数据存储的方法。即根据遥感影像数据的空间分辨率进行分类,并通过遥感影像元数据表建立多源遥感影像数据之间的逻辑关联来组织和管理影像数据的设计方法。该方法的成功运用,为多源遥感影像数据库的设计与建设提供了参考。     

基于水化学的沂源盆地地热田成热模式探讨

沂源盆地地热田为低温水热型岩溶热储地热系统,盖层为古近系、白垩系、石炭系,热储层为寒武纪、奥陶纪碳酸盐岩,区内发育的深大断裂如上五井断裂、韩旺断裂、傅家庄断裂等为沟通深部热源的良好通道。为掌握地热田热水的补给来源、热源、地热水年龄,进一步分析其形成机理,采集地热水样品进行了地热水水文地球化学分析、气体及其同位素分析。结果表明,该地热田地热水水化学类型为HCO3·Cl·SO4Na·Ca型、HCO3Ca·Mg型,矿化度小于1g/L;地热水补给来源为大气降水,具深循环特征;热源以壳源为主;地热水年龄10.51ka B.P.,为古地下水。结合地下水循环机理,将其地热水形成机理总结为小型断陷盆地深循环承压型。     

面向自然连续面群边线的协同化简方法

自然连续面群边线化简是地形图中自然面状要素和地理国情普查数据中自然图斑自动制图综合的重要实施步骤。现有面要素边线化简算法大多以线化简算法为基础,未有效化简弯曲特征、保持面积平衡和满足图面视觉清晰性要求,且化简结果存在共享边界不一致、边线自相交和边线之间相交的拓扑问题。为此,结合自然连续面群表达特点和化简要求,本文提出一种面向自然连续面群边线的协同化简方法。首先将自然连续面群转换为拓扑数据结构组织,以待化简弧段及其相邻弧段为基础构建约束Delaunay三角网,标识化简区域;其次利用弧段双侧层次多叉树模型渐进式退化条带状弯曲、化简细小弯曲;最后自适应夸大狭窄“瓶颈”,实现边线的协同化简。以河南省某区域1:5万地形图中的植被与土质面要素进行化简实验,相较于对比方法,该方法能够有效保持自然连续面群边线化简前后的拓扑一致性、要素之间的面积平衡,充分化简目标尺度下的局部不清晰细节,化简结果精度高。     

地脉动频谱特性在探究场地评价中的应用

运用单点谱比法对地脉动频谱特性进行分析,根据频谱类型分类结果给出场地卓越周期建议值。在已有钻孔资料基础上,建立卓越周期与覆盖层厚度间的相关关系,并通过实际的工程数据验证了二者关系式的准确性和普适性。由于地脉动观测具有经济、简单、快捷的优点,可将其运用到不宜进行钻孔勘探的复杂场地,从而为该地区工程场地地震安全评价和地震小区划、场地类别划分、场地选择和评价提供基础资料。     

黄土高原生态退耕的时空分异特征

生态退耕是调整陆地生态系统结构与功能以应对土地利用过度干扰的重要途径之一,因此科学掌握退耕格局与耕地格局演变对黄土高原生态环境治理与生态修复具有深远意义。本文以位于黄土高原的延安市为典型区,从生态退耕的整体特征、地形因素及区域差异等角度,探究生态退耕以来其耕地变化及退耕状况的空间分异特征。结果表明：生态退耕致使延安市耕地面积由2000年的11 752.80 km²减少为2013年的9149.93 km²,退耕面积为2756.85 km²,退耕指数为22.15%,且退耕耕地主要转化为林地、草地,占退耕面积的95.29%;耕地与退耕面积主要分布于6~15°、15~25°坡度及第II级（925~1115 m）、第III级（1115~1275 m）,且2005-2013年的生态退耕速率均高于2000-2005年的生态退耕速率;县域退耕面积及退耕程度均呈现由北向南依次递减的分异特征,而退耕重心与耕地重心均在延安市几何中心以北的安塞县与宝塔区边界,且生态退耕的重心由东北向西南方向迁移,耕地重心则由北向南迁移。本文通过对延安市生态退耕的时空分异特征分析可为黄土高原更加科学合理地推进生态保育与生态文明建设提供参考。