Could CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b be remnants of evaporated gas or ice giants?

We present thermal mass loss calculations over evolutionary time scales for the investigation if the smallest transiting rocky exoplanets CoRoT-7b (∼1.68R_Earth) and Kepler-10b (∼1.416R_Earth) could be remnants of an initially more massive hydrogen-rich gas giant or a hot Neptune-class exoplanet. We apply a thermal mass loss formula which yields results that are comparable to hydrodynamic loss models. Our approach considers the effect of the Roche lobe, realistic heating efficiencies and a radius scaling law derived from observations of hot Jupiters. We study the influence of the mean planetary density on the thermal mass loss by placing hypothetical exoplanets with the characteristics of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus to the orbital location of CoRoT-7b at 0.017 AU and Kepler-10b at 0.01684 AU and assuming that these planets orbit a K- or G-type host star. Our findings indicate that hydrogen-rich gas giants within the mass domain of Saturn or Jupiter cannot thermally lose such an amount of mass that CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b would result in a rocky residue. Moreover, our calculations show that the present time mass of both rocky exoplanets can be neither a result of evaporation of a hydrogen envelope of a “Hot Neptune” nor a “Hot Uranus”-class object. Depending on the initial density and mass, these planets most likely were always rocky planets which could lose a thin hydrogen envelope, but not cores of thermally evaporated initially much more massive and larger objects.     

利用单一的和集合的方法预告区域预报技巧

本文利用平均海平面气压的模式预报误差(MFE)的3个预告因子研究了预告澳大利亚有限区域模式36小时预报技巧的可能。两个预告因子使用单一预报:其中1个以对于初始分析和预报的MFE的统计回归为基础;另1个因子利用了预报的持续性程度。第3个因子应用了与其它NWP中心的预报集合偏差。根据5个月的逐日36小时预报,发现了上述预告因子与MFE的相关系数分别是0.58、0.18和0.40。用最佳线性方法把上述3个因子组合后与MFE的相关系数增加到0.71。用两个月的独立资料集进一步对组合因子进行试验,得出的相关系数是0.67。因此,把这种方法应用于独立的和非独立的资料中,可以解释MFE方差的近50％。这证明了这种方法对于在总体上鉴别模式预报好坏有业务应用价值。澳大利亚东南部的实例研究,进一步证明了这些预告因子在整个预报区域中可以相当好地鉴别预报技巧。     

香港一富营养河港内的底泥耗氧和营养盐释放

Tolo Harbour has received massive discharges of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes and cottage industrial effluents, via three river systems, in the past two decades before the mid Eighties. The Harbour is almost land locked and poorly flushed. The soft sediment acted as a sink for nutrients and organic pollutants. After a decade of efforts in establishing and enforcing water pollution control legislations and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, the sediments have turned into sources of nutrients and exert a measurable oxygen demand upon the overlying waters. In vitro measurements showed that the sediments oxygen demand (SOD) was between 17.6 and 54.3 mgo₂ · m^-2 · h^-1. The maximum rates of release of ortho-phosphate phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were 15.0 and 206.0 mg · m^-2 · h^-1, respectively.     

Peace河对穿工程——加拿大应用水平定向钻工艺安装1100米42英寸的天然气管线

本加拿大北部寒冷地区冬季采用对穿工艺进行水平定向钻穿越施工。     

Variations of antioxidant efficiency and presence of endosymbiotic diatoms in the Antarctic porifera Haliclona dancoi

The role of endosymbiotic diatoms as pro-oxidant stressors in porifera has been investigated in the Antarctic sponge Haliclona dancoi in which the presence of diatoms is influenced by marked seasonal variations during the austral summer. Both chlorophaeopigments and frustules were absent in sponge tissues sampled in early November at the beginning of the summer and increased from the mid of December with slightly shifted temporal trends. The efficiency of antioxidant defenses in the sponge showed a marked response to symbionts with clearly enhanced values corresponding to the peak of diatoms.     

阿尔沃兰海（Alboran Sea）中碳酸盐岩丘的发现：梅利利亚海山区

本文主要研究发现在阿尔沃兰海东南边缘（摩洛哥陆缘）的一群全新世海山——梅利利亚海山区（MMF）。我们通过条带测深、浅地层声学剖面、旁侧声纳、高分辨率地震调查以及沉积物取样等手段对MMF海山区进行了研究。该海山群位于陆缘下倾部分的上陆坡至陆坡中部,西北-东南走向,覆盖面积超过20km2。     

西印度构造演化及其对烃类显示意义综述

印度最大的油气聚集区位于西印度,具有独特的构造事件集中发生。中生代沿元古代活动带构造方向的裂谷作用形成了印度海岸的被动边缘盆地。Campanian期（83．5—70．6Ma）,马达加斯加与印度发生分离,南北向正断层传播进入到Cambay Graben地区。在初始德干Reunion热点之上,晚Maastrichtian（70．6—65．5Ma）隆起在西北印度海岸产生了伸展应力场,形成盂买高断块。早古新世,德干溢流玄武岩喷发后,伸展在薄弱的地壳中继续,引起了孟买地堑和Surat坳陷沉降的加强、Seychelles微大陆从印度分离以及孟买高地上正断层的重新活动。孟买地堑和Surat（Danahu）坳陷在热沉降期间充填了富有机质页岩,在缓慢沉降的盂买台地上发育了始新-中新世浅水碳酸盐,海平面波动产生了次生孔隙的发育。晚第三纪成熟的Surat（Danahu）坳陷页岩生成烃类,运移至孟买高的碳酸盐储层。Canlpanian构造事件之后,Konkan—kerala和印度东海岸的较老盆地并未受到影响,缺乏有利的成藏要素是该地区的特点。     

南极Scotia海Dove山脉形成的火山作用及其岩石学、地球化学和构造环境

本研究对来自DOVE盆地（Scotia海南部）中部火山山脊的拖网样品进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学分析,辅以K—Ar年代学分析。研究区水深2000～3000m,地理坐标范围为59°21～23′S和42°27～31′w。本研究的目的在于,通过比较研究区火成岩和形成Scotia、Antartic—Phoenix洋中脊及南设得兰群岛的火山岩之间的地球化学特征和同位素特征,厘定研究区岩浆形成的地球动力学背景以及岩浆作用的绝对年龄。