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561.
The features of climate change and their effects on glacier snow melting in the past 50 years (1961–2010) in Xinjiang were studied. Regional climate data for 49 meteorological stations in the Tianshan Mountains and the northern and southern areas of Xinjiang were collected with the aid of techniques such as climatological statistical diagnosis, regional climate models, remote sensing, and geographic information system. The annual average temperature displayed a rising trend across the Tianshan mountainous area and both areas of Xinjiang. The trend was particularly apparent in winter and autumn with the rate of increase in the annual average minimum temperature being significantly higher than that of the maximum temperature. Rainfall also tended to increase in all three areas over the 50-year period, with the magnitude of change being highest in the mountainous area followed by northern Xinjiang and then southern Xinjiang. As a result of the rising temperatures, there was a negative material balance among the region's glaciers, of which the year 1982/1983 was the key year for the development of Tianshan mountain glacier snow. After this date, glacial ablation intensified with an annual change increase in average temperature of 1 °C, leading to a glacier material balance change of about 300 mm. To establish rainfall and temperature sequences for three regional climate change scenarios in the 2011–2050 period, we adopted the delta method using actual measurements during the 1961–2000 period against corrected data from rainfall and temperature simulations. All three scenarios indicated that temperatures will continue to increase, that the increase in rainfall may decrease in mountainous regions but will increase in the basin, and that the speed of glacial ablation in Xinjiang will continue to accelerate. 相似文献
562.
563.
A physical model was developed for the aerodynamic roughness length of gravel beds and sandy beds under different atmospheric stability conditions based on Monin?CObukhov similarity theory and dimensional analysis. The relationship between the roughness length, the properties of the roughness elements, the characteristics of the airflow, and an atmospheric stability parameter (the bulk Richardson number) was then studied using the model. Results showed that the roughness length was not only functions of the shape, height, and coverage of the roughness elements and of the airflow, but also dependent upon atmospheric stability. These results were in agreement with results from wind tunnel experiments and field observations. 相似文献
564.
565.
A magnetic‐sulfonic graphene nanocomposite (G‐SO3H/Fe3O4) was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. It was used for removal of three cationic dyes: safranine T (ST), neutral red (NR), victoria blue (VB), and three anionic dyes: methyl orange, brilliant yellow, and alizarin red, from environmental water. The experimental conditions were optimized, including pH, amount of adsorbent, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, ionic strength, etc. The results show that G‐SO3H/Fe3O4 can adsorb cationic dyes more efficiently and selectively than anionic dyes at pH 6.0. In the first 10 min of adsorption time, more than 93% of the cationic dyes were removed by the sorbent. Adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model well. The adsorption isotherm coincided with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The maximum adsorption capacities of G‐SO3H/Fe3O4 for ST, NR, and VB dyes were 199.3, 216.8, and 200.6 mg g?1. The adsorbed cationic dyes were eluted by using different pH values of ethanol as the solvent. The established method was simple, sensitive, and rapid, and was suitable for the adsorption of cationic dyes in environmental water. 相似文献
566.
Using newly developed dynamic shearing devices, the dynamic shearing strength of frozen soil-concrete interface was studied experimentally.
By placing concrete blocks in the lower half of the shear box and frozen soil sample in the upper part, a series of dynamic shear tests
on their interfaces were carried out. The obtained results are summarized and the main influencing factors are revealed. 相似文献
567.
GPS Solutions - Under high dynamic conditions, a robust tracking loop is essential for accuracy positioning with the global position system. In previous studies, the extended Kalman filter... 相似文献
568.
569.
结合国内征地拆迁的现状和特点,构建失地民众征地拆迁满意度模型,利用湖北省嘉通高速公路沿线村落的调查数据,采用基于PLS法的结构方程模型对征地拆迁民众满意度进行了实证分析。研究表明:失地民众对征地拆迁满意度不高,主要与民众对补偿款的满意程度、就业扶持力度以及信息是否公开透明等影响因素有关,此外,民众除了重视物质方面的补偿,还同等看重信息透明度、政策公平度等“无形”补偿。根据研究结果,建议政府与开发商合作提高就业扶持力度,利用新媒体平台拓展信息覆盖程度,完善纠纷解决机制。 相似文献
570.
Glacier variations in the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountain ranges in China affect the livelihood of over one billion people who depend on water from the Yellow, Yangtze, Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus rivers originating in these areas. Based on the results of the present study and published literature, we found that the glaciers shrank 15.7% in area from 1963 to 2010 with an annual area change of -0.33%. The shrinkage generally decreased from peripheral mountain ranges to the interior of Tibet.The linear trends of annual air temperature and precipitation at 147 stations were 0.36°C(10a)~(-1) and 8.96 mm(10a)~(-1) respectively from 1961 to 2010. The shrinkage of glaciers was well correlated with the rising temperature and the spatial patterns of the shrinkage were influenced by other factors superimposed on the rising temperature such as glacier size, type, elevation, debris cover and precipitation. 相似文献