Time evolution and spatial accumulation of progressive failure for Xinhua slope in the Dagangshan reservoir,Southwest China

This paper presents a preliminary study of time evolution and spatial accumulation of progressive failure for ancient landslide deposits in Xinhua slope. According to the geological response after impoundment, the Xinhua slope has shown the spatial accumulation of deformation, such as ground cracks in the rear edge, toe collapse, local shallow slides in intense rainfall, and progressive creep displacement. Approximately 2 years of monitoring was performed for the Xinhua slope with the assistance of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and field investigations. The deformation process of a reservoir landslide is considered to be a comprehensive and complicated combination of geological influence from various adverse factors. Field investigations and monitoring indicate that the major serious influence after completion of dam construction comes from the initial large-scale impoundment, the fluctuation of water level, and the existence of a flood season. The creep/slip deformation of slope deposits is a result of integration with adverse hydraulic conditions, e.g., strong rainfall, intense currents and transient seepage flow inside the slope deposits, and activation by water level fluctuation, which can be verified from the twofold evident deformation in the flood season. For the reservoir with daily regulation ability, the occurrence of evident deformations in July highlights that the regulation plan for water level in the flood season is important for controlling the deformation of slope deposits, where the fluctuation of the water level is no more than 10 m in the operation period.     

GK-15型地质岩心钻探泥浆固控装置研究应用

固相控制装置在石油钻井中应用比较广泛,已实现系列化、标准化和专用化。地质岩心钻探在深度、口径和工艺等方面不同于石油钻井。因此,石油钻井固相控制装置不适合在地质岩心钻探施工中使用。GK-15型地质岩心钻探泥浆固相控制装置是在综合石油钻井固相控制装置特点的基础上,结合地质岩心钻探工艺的需求,把振动筛、清洁器和离心机通过管路联接,构成封闭的泥浆固相控制装置,实现泥浆的制备、循环、固相控制和储备。介绍了GK-15型泥浆固相控制装置结构、性能参数以及取得的使用效果。     

巴基斯坦基性-超基性岩铬尖晶石矿物化学及铬铁矿找矿潜力分析

基性-超基性岩体广泛分布于巴基斯坦北部印度河缝合带和中南部碰撞带,发育有与蛇绿岩有关的铬铁矿床,多数岩体工作程度偏低。铬尖晶石是指示岩石成因和构造环境的有效标志。铬尖晶石矿物化学研究表明其岩体可划分为3类,其中尚拉-明戈拉、德尔盖、瓦齐里斯坦、穆斯林巴赫和贝拉岩体中造矿铬尖晶石的成分显示富Cr、贫Al、低Ti特征,副矿物铬尖晶石的Cr#变化范围指示其构造背景为大洋中脊向俯冲带之上的过渡环境,与我国罗布莎含矿岩体非常相似。通过对比分析典型豆荚状铬铁矿成矿地质特征和成矿规律,认为贝拉、穆斯林巴赫等岩体成矿条件有利,具较大找矿潜力。     

Effects of dune stabilization on vegetation characteristics and soil properties at multiple scales in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

Ecological patterns and processes in dune ecosystems have been a research focus in recent years, however information on how dune stabilization influences vegetation and soil at different spatial scales...     

Application of lithospheric rheology in structural metallogenesis: taking BIF-type iron-rich ore deposits as an exampleEI北大核心CSCD

Based on the basic theory and recent progresses of rock rheology, this paper addresses the critical role of rock rheological properties in the structural metallogenesis. The worldwide, metamorphic banded iron formation-type (BIF) iron-ore deposits are referred as example to delineate and evaluate the influences of structural deformation and rock rheological properties on the formation of this type of ore deposit. It is concluded that due to rheological differentiation, folding induced by ductile shearing and high-temperature plastic flow played a particularly key role in the formation of the high-grade, BIF-type Fe-rich ore deposits. Therefore, we propose that a combination between structural metallogenesis and rock rheology may be of help to our understanding of the tectono-physicochemical characteristics of large to super-large ore deposits. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

京津冀地区霾健康气象服务社会经济效益评价研究

采用统计调查分析方法,对京津冀地区2014年霾气象服务情况进行调查。在此基础上,统计分析了公众对霾的认知程度、防护措施及预报服务评价等情况,并利用直接损失评估法和疾病成本法等方法,对北京地区2014年霾健康气象服务减少的健康人口损失和经济损失进行了估算。研究发现,京津冀地区的公众对霾的认知度和关注度极高,但公众对霾预报气象服务满意程度仍有较大的提升空间;七成以上的公众会根据霾预报服务信息采取适当的防护措施。经估算,北京市2014年由于PM_(2.5)造成的健康人口损失数为3085人,占总死亡人数的2.3%,造成的健康经济损失值为24.52亿元;未来在与2014年同等的PM_(2.5)暴露浓度之下,公众采用相应气象服务后,在不同的情景下所接受的PM_(2.5)年平均暴露浓度减少5%和10%的情况下,北京市每年可能减少的健康人口损失数为113～226人,可能减少健康经济损失值为0.9～1.8亿元。     

Geomorphology of star dunes in the southern Kumtagh Desert, China: control factors and formation

Star dunes have received less study than other major dune types, though they are widely recognized to represent a major dune type that develops under a multi-directional wind regime. Several types that include simple, compound, and complex star dunes are identified in the south of China’s Kumtagh Desert. It is suggested that the formation and development of these star dunes is controlled by wind regime, the underlying and surrounding topography, and sediment availability. A complex wind regime and rich sediment availability are generally required for the development of star dunes. Especially, wind regime appears to be the most important control factor. The wind regime under which star dunes arise is characterized by the drift potential, amount of variability in drift direction, and the direction distribution mode of the drift potential. It is strongly suggested that a rectangular bimodal wind direction distribution mode has unique significance in star dune formation. Under this mode, star dunes can develop in areas with a directional variability index typical of linear dunes or even barchan dunes. A development model is proposed for star dunes based on the following evolution: barchan dunes → transverse ridges → dune networks → simple star dunes → compound star dunes → star dunes atop complex linear dunes.     

“13·6·30”遂宁市特大暴雨成因的初探

利用自动气象站雨量资料、常规观测资料、雷达资料以及NCEP再分析资料,对2013年6月30日至7月2日四川遂宁地区特大暴雨过程中高原低涡和西南涡的耦合作用对本次特大暴雨的影响以及低空急流演化特征和强暴雨的关系进行初步探讨。结果表明:当高原涡和西南涡发生耦合时会使得高空低涡发展加强,并激发遂宁暴雨天气的产生。急流为高空低涡的发展提供不稳定能量。超低空急流和低空急流对强降水有提前2 h的指示意义,低空急流指数增大的过程和降水量的强度成正比关系。     

渤海海域海洋平台抗震设防标准研究

This paper analyzes the seismicity and seismic risk distribution in the Bohai Sea. Based on the seismic design parameters of 46 platforms in the Bohai Sea, a statistic analysis is made on the ratios of the peak accelerations for different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method, a scheme of two design seismic levels is proposed, and two fortification goals are established respectively for strength level earthquakes and ductility level earthquakes. Through analogy and comparison to the Chinese seismic code for buildings, it is proposed that the probability level for the strength and ductility level earthquakes takes return periods of 200a and 1000～2500a respectively, and we further expounded on its rationality. Finally, the fortification parameters in the sub-regions of Bohai Sea area are given in the light of seismic risk zonation and ground motion division. This article is a summary of experiences from many years of offshore platform seismic fortification work, and an exploratory study on the seismic fortification standards of offshore platforms in China, which may provide some references for the establishment of the standard.