Identifying sources and hazardous risks of heavy metals in topsoils of rapidly urbanizing East China

With rapid economic and social development, soil contamination arising from heavy metals has become a serious problem in many parts of China. We collected a total of 445 samples (0–20 cm) at the nodes of a 2 km×2 km grid in surface soils of Rizhao city, and analyzed sources and risk pattern of 10 heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The combination of Multivariate statistics analysis and Geostatistical methods was applied to identify the sources and hazardous risk of heavy metals in soils. The result indicated that Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, and As were mainly controlled by parent materials and came from natural sources. Cd and Hg originated from anthropogenic sources. Pb and Zn, belonging to different groups in multivariate analysis, were associated with joint effect of parent materials and human inputs. Ordinary Kriging and Indicator Kriging suggested that single element and elements association from the same principal components had similar spatial distribution. Through comprehensive assessment on all elements, we also found the high risk areas were located in the populated urban areas and western study area, which could be attributed to the higher geological background in the western part and strong human interference in the eastern part.     

北京西山岩溶洞系的形成及其与新构造运动的关系

形成中国北方岩溶的地层主要为奥陶系马家沟组石灰岩和中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组硅质条带白云岩。上新世石林与第四纪岩溶陡壁组合成的房山地貌主要形成于雾迷山组中,岩溶洞穴发育在马家沟组和雾迷山组中。大石河南岸从上游至下游依次分布鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞、清风洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河连为一体,称为石花洞系。石花洞系发育在北岭向斜东北扬起端的马家沟组顶部,与南面的周口店猿人洞系隔着房山闪长岩体。石花洞系中8层不同海拔高度的溶洞可以和永定河的8级阶地进行对比,也可以和8个华北地文期对比,代表了与之相互对应的北京西山新构造隆升的期次。     

基于AHP的地震信息系统安全评价方法研究

为有效应对网络安全问题,加强地震信息系统网络安全,网络工程师做了大量工作,如增加网络防护、开展安全演练等,但在网络安全评价体系和评价方法方面开展的研究相对较少。本文结合《信息安全技术网络安全等级保护测评要求》（GB/T 28448-2019）要求,基于AHP（层次分析法）获取系统评价权重指标,分别利用模糊综合评判方法和可拓方法对地震信息系统实例进行安全等级评价,并对比2种评判方法,验证其在地震信息系统安全评价工作中的应用效果。本研究采用量化的客观评价方法,可为信息系统安全评价、风险识别、安全等级保护等提供参考。     

黑河流域地下水氘过量参数特征

利用δ(18O)和δ(D)资料对黑河流域的冰雪融水、地表水、地下水的氘过量参数(d值)特征的研究结果表明:①黑河流域源区祁连山区冰雪融水的d值特别偏正,为16.0‰～24.8‰;②张掖盆地细土平原浅层地下水的d值(9.0‰～12.0‰)与深层地下水的d值(16.6‰～21.8‰)表现出明显的差异性,指示着不同的补给来源,浅层地下水主要由大气补给,深层地下水反映出冰雪融水补给的特点;酒泉盆地浅层和深层地下水的d值接近(介于15.8‰～19.6‰间),主要以山区冰雪融水和基岩裂隙水补给为主;③额济纳盆地大部分浅层地下水的d值介于2.6‰～8.8‰间,受到了一定程度的蒸发作用,这是干旱地区地下水的特殊特征;④古日乃地区地下水的d值特别偏负,达-30‰左右,这种现象在全球极为罕见;⑤东居延海地区附近的深层承压水的d值(-2.4‰～-1.0‰)也表现出了一定的特殊性,表明该区地下水是在较寒冷的气候条件下形成的;⑥东居延海地表水和天鹅湖湖水的δ(18O)和δ(D)均为正,远大于了海水的氧氘值,而且d值异常偏负,达-55.2‰～ -35.8‰,这可能是极度干旱的环境下地表水过度蒸发的结果.研究揭示了流域水循环转化过程中和大气降水、冰雪融水、地表水、地下水之间的相互关系及其作用,为流域水资源管理和生态环境保护提供了有意义的信息.     

海南岛北部第四纪早中更新世多文组的建立

在1：25万琼海县幅区域地质调查中，对海南岛北部地区出露的一套早、中更新世形成的基性火山岩进行了详细研究，新创建多文组，并进一步划分为上、下段，分别代表早更新世晚期一中更新世早期、中更新世中晚期形成的基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩。其层位比道堂组、石山组低，且岩性组合存在差异。对该组的分布范围、岩性、岩相、形成时代、地球化学特征进行了总结，并讨论了其形成的构造环境。     

青藏高原近25年来主要湖泊变迁的特征

青藏高原分布有青海湖、纳木错、色林错3个特大型湖泊和扎日南木错、当惹雍错、阿牙克库木湖、班公错、哈拉湖、鄂陵湖、羊卓雍错、扎陵湖、赤布张错、乌兰乌拉湖、昂拉仁错11个大型湖泊。通过对20世纪70年代中期的MSS图像和90年代末期—21世纪初期的ETM 图像的解译,对近25年来青藏高原重点湖泊的变迁进行了分析。研究结果表明,哈拉湖、鄂陵湖面积相对稳定;青海湖、扎日南木错、当惹雍错、阿牙克库木湖、扎陵湖、乌兰乌拉湖等8个湖泊的面积都有不同程度的缩小,其中青海湖、乌兰乌拉湖面积减少最多,分别为60.60km2、59.80km2;纳木错、色林错、班公错3个湖泊的面积都有不同程度的增加,其中色林错面积增加最多,达140.52km2。重点湖泊的变迁分析为研究青藏高原的湖泊演化和气候、环境变迁提供了新资料。     

用树木物候期做玉米播种期预报

利用呼和浩特1971—2007年气象资料与1988—2007年物候资料,分析了玉米适宜播种期与春季树木物候期的相互关系。结果表明:春季树木物候期与气温存在很好的相关性,用冬春季气温预报春季树木物候期,再由树木物候期确定玉米适播期,或用树木已出现的物候期预测下一个物候期,从而预报玉米适播期等方法均取得较好的预报效果。     

东亚地区一次切断低压引起的平流层、对流层交换数值模拟研究

用中尺度模式(MM5)模拟研究东亚地区(网格中心45°N,120°E)一次强切断低压过程(2000年4月8日～12日)引起的平流层、对流层交换.用Wei公式计算此次过程由平流层到对流层的净交换量为5.0×1014 kg,平均交换通量为-0.72×10-3 kg m-2 s-1.地面锋与高空锋的相互作用,在急流入口处和高空锋区出现对流层顶折叠,并引起平流层、对流层物质交换,其中空气的水平运动起主要作用.利用历史天气图统计东亚地区(20～70°N,80～180°E)切断低压的年平均个数为60,占北半球极区类型切断低压的52%.由此,推断东亚地区的平流层、对流层交换对整个北半球的平流层、对流层交换贡献很大.     

The different influence of the residual layer on the development of the summer convective boundary layer in two deserts in northwest China

The development of the atmospheric boundary layer is closely connected with the exchange of momentum, heat, and mass near the Earth’s surface, especially for a convective boundary layer (CBL). Besides being modulated by the buoyancy flux near the Earth’s surface, some studies point out that a neutrally stratified residual layer is also crucial for the appearance of a deep CBL. To verify the importance of the residual layer, the CBLs over two deserts in northwest China (Badan Jaran and Taklimakan) were investigated. The summer CBL mean depth over the Taklimakan Desert is shallower than that over the Badan Jaran Desert, even when the sensible heat flux of the former is stronger. Meanwhile, the climatological mean residual layer in the Badan Jaran Desert is much deeper and neutrally stratified in summer. Moreover, we found a significant and negative correlation between the lapse rate of the residual layer and the CBL depth over the Badan Jaran Desert. The different lapse rates of the residual layer in the two regions are partly connected with the advection heating from large-scale atmospheric circulation. The advection heating tends to reduce the temperature difference in the 700 to 500-hPa layer over the Badan Jaran Desert, and it increases the stability in the same atmospheric layer over the Taklimakan Desert. The advection due to climatological mean atmospheric circulation is more effective at modulating the lapse rate of the residual layer than from varied circulation. Also, the interannual variation of planetary boundary layer (PBL) height over two deserts was found to covary with the wave train.     

山西地震台网地震预警时间及盲区半径分析

影响地震预警能力的关键技术指标是预警时间及预警盲区。通过分析山西地震台网勘选完成的1 101个预警台站布局,计算地震台站平均台间距,根据预警盲区半径与台间距关系式得出盲区半径。根据计算结果及相关分布图,分析认为,在预警区内,平均台间距及盲区半径分布与地震活动的相关性较高,勘选完成的地震预警台站布局比较合理。