大地电磁测深法在秦皇岛—唐山沿海地区地热资源调查评价中的应用

应用大地电磁测深法,对秦皇岛-唐山沿海地区进行地热资源勘查.在该测区布设6条测线,获得103个测点的野外资料.采用先进的数据处理和反演方法,得到大地电磁测深剖面二维反演电阻率模型,根据当地区域地质资料,对地层、断裂构造进行推断解释,并结合华北地区地热资源类型及其与地质构造特征的关系,圈定该测区地热资源远景区.     

东北地震区小震资料完整性分析及其对地震活动性参数的影响研究

以东北地震区为例,基于G-R关系的震级-频度分布原理,研究了东北地震区最小完整性震级MC的时间分布特征和各时段的空间分布特征,统计了研究区内的地震活动性参数,探讨了小震资料完整性分析对地震活动性参数和地震危险性计算结果的影响。研究表明：对区域小震资料进行完整性分析,可以在低地震活动地区获得较准确的地震活动性参数,更好地反映了该区未来的地震活动趋势。本文的研究方法和结论可供地震资料完整性分析和地震活动性分析时参考。     

考虑地震构造背景的地震活动性参数光滑方法在地震危险性概率评价中的应用

In this study, the North China seismic region was selected as the study area, and evaluation of seismic hazard using the spatial smoothing seismicity model was performed. Firstly, the study area is divided into grids, and some parameters (e.g. b-value, M0, Mu, azimuth and M-L relationship) for each seismotectonic model were assigned. Secondly, using elliptical smoothing based on a seismotectonic background model, the statistical earthquake incidence rate in each grid is successively calculated. Lastly, the relevant ground motion attenuation relationship is chosen to assess seismic hazard of general sites. The maps for the distribution of horizontal peak ground acceleration with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years were obtained by using the seismic hazard analysis method based on grid source. This seismicity model simplifies the methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, especially appropriate for those places where seismic tectonics is not yet clearly known. This method can provide valuable references for seismic zonation and seismic safety assessment for significant engineering projects.     

Dynamic Green's functions for an anisotropic poroelastic half-space

The dynamic responses of an anisotropic poroelastic half-space under an internal point load and fluid source are investigated in the frequency domain in this paper. By virtue of Fourier transform and Stroh formalism, the three-dimensional (3D) general solutions of the anisotropic Biot's coupling dynamics equations are derived in the frequency domain. Considering the two surface conditions, permeable and impermeable, the analytical solutions for displacement fields and pore pressure in half-space under a point source (point load or a fluid source) are obtained. When the material properties are isotropic, the numerical results of the poroelastic half-space are in excellent agreement with the existing analytical solutions. For anisotropic half-space cases, numerical results show the strong dependence of the dynamic Green's functions on the material properties.     

Development of a polder module in the SWAT model: SWATpld for simulating polder areas in south‐eastern China

Polders are one of the most common artificial hydrological entities in the plain river network regions of China. Due to enclosed dikes, manual drainage, and irrigation intake operations, polders have had a significant impact on the hydrological processes of these areas. Distributed hydrological models are effective tools to understand and reproduce the hydrological processes of a watershed. To date, however, few models are able to simulate the drainage and irrigation intake interactions of polders at a watershed scale. This study develops a modified version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, which is designed to better represent polders (SWATpld). The SWATpld model simulates drainage and irrigation intake processes by calculating the excess‐water storage in the inner rivers and irrigation schedule for paddy rice in the polder. Both SWAT and SWATpld models were tested for the Liyang watershed. SWATpld outperformed SWAT in simulating the daily discharge and intake of the experimental polder and predicting the monthly peak flow at the outlet of the Liyang watershed, which suggests that the modified model simulates the hydrological responses of the study watershed with polder operations more realistically than the original SWAT model does. Further evaluation at various locations and in various climate conditions would increase the confidence of this model.     

Does Aqueous‐Phase Oxidation of HCHO Opens a Pathway to Formic Acids in Atmosphere?

Formic acid is the major contributor to acid rain in some regions but its sources are not fully understood. We investigated the aqueous‐phase reactions of HCHO (aq) and OH ^. radicals at enlarged rainwater pH values (2.49–5.89) in Guiyang, China from May 2006 to April 2007. Our results show that there were no significant correlation between the [HCOOH]_t/[HCHO] (aq) and the rainwater pH. The ratio did not appear to vary consistently as a function of rainwater pH as predicted by theoretical model. In addition, we saw no clear evidence that oxidation of HCHO (aq) would produce significant HCOOH (aq) which indicates this reaction may be only a minor contribution to the budget of HCOOH (g) in atmosphere. Further investigation is strongly suggested to be carried out in field cloud water, fog water, or rainwater because the ratios would be diverged from equilibrium value as a result of other chemical or physical processes.     

合成的台湾M_S8.0级大震在上海产生的地震动

2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生了M_S8.1级地震,给人们的提示是:在发生过强震的地方,有可能再次发生同样强度的地震。自上世纪20年代以来,台湾就发生过两次M_S8.0级大地震,遗憾的是对两次强震均未获得强震加速度记录。上海是目前世界上高层建筑最多的城市。本文用经验格林函数法合成台湾M_S8.0级大地震,通过合成得到加速度时程来估算对上海产生的地表面波强度。将来台湾一旦发生M_S8.0级大地震,其面波对上海高层建筑的影响也将最为显著,本文给出的估算强度旨在为地震应对和应急救援提供一定的参考。     

欠饱和煤储层渗透率动态变化模型及实例分析

开发过程中因受应力压实效应和基质解吸收缩效应的共同影响,导致煤储层渗透率发生复杂的变化。目前,已有诸多学者建立一系列的煤储层渗透率动态模型。然而,对欠饱和煤层气藏开发过程中的不同生产阶段,何种效应对煤储层渗透率起主导作用仍未达成共识。本研究在总结已有的渗透率变化模型的基础上,分析欠饱和煤层气藏开发过程中的降压解吸特征、有效应力效应、基质收缩效应和克林肯伯格效应,并对现有的渗透率模型进行改进与对比分析,以达到定量分析欠饱和煤层气藏储层渗透率变化规律的目的,最后通过鄂尔多斯东南缘韩城煤层气田实例分析煤储层渗透率动态变化特征及其主控因素。结果表明欠饱和煤层气藏开发过程中渗透率动态变化特征可以临界解吸压力划分为两个阶段,前一阶段仅为有效应力效应作用阶段,后一阶段则受有效应力效应、基质收缩效应和克林肯伯格效应影响,且后两种效应随着储层压力的降低而进一步显现。对比分析显示SD改进模型在描述欠饱和煤层气藏渗透率动态变化上优于PM改进模型。因此,借助SD改进模型对韩城煤层气井进行实例计算,分析结果显示煤储层渗透率改善效果依次为3#>11#>5#,区内煤储层渗透率改善效果取决于含气饱和度,而渗透率应力伤害受控于地解压差。     

Experimental Study on Micro-biological Degradation of 1, 3, 5- TMB in Groundwater

1, 3, 5-TMB (trimethylbenzene) has been considered as priority pollutant by several environmental agencies due to its high toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenic activity. Two bacteria with ability of degrading 1, 3, 5- TMB were isolated from crude oil contaminated soil. The optimal pH value and temperature for the growth of these bacteria were 7.0 and 30℃. 1, 3, 5- TMB was used as sole carbon and energy source by both strains. Strain A was identified as Staphylococcus sciuri and Strain C was Microbacterium schleiferi, both of which were facultative anaerobic bacteria. 1, 3, 5-TMB was degraded by strain C with efficiency of 41.2±1.8%. The bacteria offered new source for biodegradation of BTEX and bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil and groundwater.     

科尔沁沙丘-草甸过渡带人工杨树林蒸腾耗水特征

采用热扩散茎流计和自动气象站对科尔沁沙丘-草甸过渡带人工杨树林的树干液流和环境因子进行长期连续监测。结果表明：不同天气条件下茎流速率差异明显,晴天各因子昼夜波动特征明显,雨天波动幅度小,阴天介于二者之间;不同天气类型影响茎流速率的主要气象因子不同,晴天茎流速率与净辐射相关性最高（偏相关系数为0.72）,阴天与气温相关性最高（偏相关系数为0.69）;整个生长季典型晴天日平均茎流速率近似服从二次曲线,夏季大于春季和秋季,不同月份茎流速率日内变化差异显著,表现在峰值大小、液流启动时间和峰值出现时间不同;林地供水充足,持续干旱和雨后茎流速率没有显著差异,杨树蒸腾所需水分主要来自地下水,地下水位在09：00-17：00下降明显,且茎流速率越大下降幅度越大;不同胸径杨树茎流速率对各气象因子的时滞时间相同,而不同月份茎流速率对各气象因子的时滞时间不同。