脉岩与热液脉状金矿化的时空伴生及其地质意义

以我国东部吉黑、辽南及胶东等地区主要金矿床为例,从脉岩与热液金矿脉的空间、时间关系角度,探讨了脉岩与金矿化之间的成因关系。     

灾害防御工程的经济效益评价原理及方法——以水坝震害防御工程为例

根据价值工程理论和成本-效益理论,在作者提出的防灾工程功能函数、成本函数、价值函数、效益函数等灾害经济学基本函数及数学模型的基础上,结合地质灾害防御工程实例,探讨了防灾工程经济效益的评价原理及方法。     

新宁—灰汤断裂带花岗斑岩与煌斑岩脉的分布特征及其找矿意义

新宁一灰汤断裂南东盘,分布有数条北西向的花岗斑岩脉带,每条岩脉带内,产出有相同的矿床组合及类似的分带规律,构成一个北东向的多金属成矿带。成矿带北西部分为锑金成矿区,南东侧是铅锌铜钨成矿区。新宁—灰汤断裂与桃江—城步断裂控制的煌斑岩脉,具有明显区别,在某些地段具有钾镁煌斑岩主要特征,它对我省金刚石原生矿的突破,是一条重要线索与新途征。     

桃江—城步断裂的活动与天龙山岩体位置的讨论

湘中印支期高坪岩体和天龙山岩体,大致呈东西向展布,南北出露宽度基本一致。但天龙山岩体明显偏北,大有脱离东西向分布向北东“飘移”之势。笔者对桃江—城步断裂的野外勘查与研究查明,天龙山岩体可能是高坪岩体的一部分,印支晚期岩体形成时,它们是一个整体。现在的天龙山岩体,可能是燕山早期桃江—城步断裂对高坪岩体肢解的结果。     

Variations of electric resistance and H2 and Rn emissions of concrete blocks under increasing uniaxial compression

Electric resistance and emissions of hydrogen and radon isotopes of concrete (which is somewhat similar to fault-zone materials) under increasing uniaxial compression were continuously monitored to check whether they show any pre- and post-failure changes that may correspond to similar changes reported for earthquakes. The results show that all these parameters generally begin to increase when the applied stresses reach 20% to 90% of the corresponding failure stresses, probably due to the occurrence and growth of dilatant microcracks in the specimens. The prefailure changes have different patterns for different specimens, probably because of differences in spatial and temporal distributions of the microcracks. The resistance shows large co-failure increases, and the gas emissions show large post-failure increases. The post-failure increase of radon persists longer and stays at a higher level than that of hydrogen, suggesting a difference in the emission mechanisms for these two kinds of gases. The H₂ increase may be mainly due to chemical reaction at the crack surfaces while they are fresh, whereas the Rn increases may be mainly the result of the increased emanation area of such surfaces. The results suggest that monitoring of resistivity and gas emissions may be useful for predicting earthquakes and failures of concrete structures.     

东秦岭燕山期大陆内部挤压—俯冲背景的A型孪生花岗岩带

按照花岗岩浆形成的不同方式、条件和过程可将花岗岩分成同熔和改造两个不同的成岩系列。以此为前提,我们发现同时代两个系列花岗岩带常平行成对分布,并与相应时期的B型俯冲或陆内俯冲带构成有规律的平行排布序列;据此提出了孪生花岗岩带的概念,并确定有A型、B型和AB型三种分带型式。本文以东秦岭燕山期孪生花岗岩带为例,系统阐述了产于陆内挤压-俯冲背景下A型孪生花岗岩带的特征、成因及其形成的构造模式,提出A型孪生花岗岩带是陆内挤压-俯冲的必然产物。     

我国首次发现的硫铋铅铁铜矿

本文研究的硫铋铅铁铜矿是1986年采自河北省青龙县三家金矿。利用反光显微镜、MPV-1型显微光度计、显微硬度计、JCXA—733型电子探针、X射线粉晶分析等手段对该矿物进行了研究。获得其平均化学成分为:S 20.92％,Bi 22.47％,Pb 23.40％,Fe 6.30％,Cu26.48％。硬度为191.5—217kg/mm~2及其他数据。将获得的各项参数与日本三原铜矿产出的硫铋铅铁铜矿进行了对比,确认其为硫铋铅铁铜矿。这在我国是首次发现和报道。     

平果地区孤立碳酸盐台地风暴特征及展布规律

广西平果地区二叠纪,早三叠世发育了众多的孤立碳酸盐台地。孤立碳酸盐台地内的风暴岩至少可分出三类。Ⅰ类由下亚段粒序层和上亚段具叶状藻灰泥岩或具遗迹化石灰泥岩组成,形成在高能风暴流条件下.Ⅱ类由下亚段粒序层,中亚段纹层段和上亚段灰泥岩组成,其形成水能较Ⅰ类弱.Ⅲ类由具定向生物化石的泥粒岩组成,它是风暴流到达台地边缘后产生的回流形成的。不同类型风暴岩形成于不同环境。孤立碳酸岩台地上的风暴岩与开阔陆架风暴岩有一定差别.     

Solubility of HOCl in water and aqueous H2SO4 to stratospheric temperatures

Henry's law constants K_H (mol kg^–1 atm^–1) for the reaction HOCl_(g)=HOCl_(aq) near room temperature, literature data for the associated enthalpy change, and solubilities of HOCl in aqueous H₂SO₄ (46 to 60 wt%) at temperatures relevant to the stratosphere (200 KT230 K) are shown to be thermodynamically consistent. Effective Henry's law constants [H*=mHOCl/pHOCl, in mol kg^–1 atm^–1] of HOCl in aqueous H₂SO₄ are given by: ln(H*)=6.4946–mH₂SO₄(–0.04107+54.56/T)–5862 (1/T_o–1/T) where T(K) is temperature and T_o=298.15K. The activity coefficient of HOCl in aqueous H₂SO₄ has a simple Setchenow-type dependence upon H₂SO₄ molality.     

Evolution of permafrost in Northeast China since the Late Pleistocene

In Northeast China, permafrost advanced and retreated several times under the influences of fluctuating paleo-climates and paleo-environments since the Late Pleistocene. During the last 60 years, many new data were obtained and studies were conducted on the evolution of permafrost in Northeast China, but so far no systematic summary and review have been made. Based on sedimentary sequences, remains of past permafrost, paleo-flora and-fauna records, and dating data, permafrost evolution since the Late Pleistocene has been analyzed and reconstructed in this paper. Paleo-temperatures reconstructed from the remains of past permafrost and those from paleo-flora and-fauna are compared, and thus the southern limit of permafrost(SLP) in each climate period is inferred by the relationship of the permafrost distribution and the mean annual air/ground temperatures(MAAT/MAGT). Thus, the evolutionary history of permafrost is here divided into five stages:(1) the Late Pleistocene(Last Glaciation, or LG)(65 to 10–8.5 ka), the Last Glaciation Maximum(LGM, 21–13 ka) in particular, the coldest period in the latest history with a cooling of about 6~10 ?C, characterized by extensive occurrences of glaciation, flourishing Mammathas-Coelodonta Faunal Complex(MCFC), widespread aeolian deposits, and significant sea level lowering, and permafrost greatly expanded southwards almost to the coastal plains(37?N–41?N);(2) the Holocene Megathermal Period(HMP, 8.5–7.0 to 4.0–3.0 ka), 3~5 ?C warmer than today, permafrost retreated to about 52°N;(3) the Late Holocene Cold Period(Neoglaciation)(4.0–3.0 to 1.0–0.5 ka), a cooling of 1~3 ?C, some earlier thawed permafrost was refrozen or attached, and the SLP invaded southwards to 46?N;(4) the Little Ice Age(LIA, 500 to 100–150 a), the latest cold period with significant permafrost expansion; and(5) climate warming since the last century, during which Northeast China has undergone extensive permafrost degradation. The frequent and substantial expansions and retreats of permafrost have greatly impacted cold-region environments in Northeast China. North of the SLP during the HMP, or in the present continuous permafrost zone, the existing permafrost was largely formed during the LG and was later overlapped by the permafrost formed in the Neoglaciation. To the south, it was formed in the Neoglaciation. However, many aspects of permafrost evolution still await further investigations, such as data integration, numerical reconstruction, and merging of Chinese permafrost history with those of bordering regions as well as collaboration with related disciplines. Of these, studieson the evolution and degradation of permafrost during the past 150 years and its hydrological, ecological, and environmental impacts should be prioritized.