Defining the geochemical baseline: a case of Hong Kong soils

A geochemical baseline provides the means to distinguish between the pedogenic origin and the anthropogenic origin of the trace element in the environmental compartments. We collected 271 soil samples representative of different parent rocks and soil types from the whole territory of Hong Kong and analyzed the composition of clay mineralogy and the contents of 15 chemical elements (Fe, Cd, As, etc.) for these samples. The baseline was predicted with the method of the normalization procedure combined with the relative cumulative frequency curve. The result indicated that Fe was the best reference element for the normalization procedure among the five potential reference elements (Fe, Al, Sc, Ti, and Mn), followed by Sc and Ti. A poor correlation was found between Sc, Ti, and Cu. The predicted baseline was much lower than the A-value of the Dutch List used usually in screening the polluted soil of Hong Kong, implying that the extent of heavy metal pollution might have been underestimated with respect to local lands. We also applied the cluster analysis to distinguish the geochemical associations of the trace elements due to its importance to the baseline. Approximately three major associations including the Fe–Mn-oxides related, Al oxides or Al-bearing-clay-mineralogy related and sulfide- related associations were observed from the dendrogram.     

云南省新平县哀牢山地区富硒土壤成因及其影响因素研究

以云南省新平县者竜—戛洒地区1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查评价结果为基础,对该地区富硒土壤的成因及其影响因素进行分析,结果表明,研究区土壤硒平均含量为0.38 mg/kg,高于全国土壤硒平均含量0.29 mg/kg,按0.4 mg/kg相似文献   

Zircon U-Pb and oxygen isotope evidence for a large-scale O depletion event in igneous rocks during the Neoproterozoic

Oxygen isotope analysis and U-Pb dating were carried out on zircons from granite, granitic gneiss and eclogite in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt of east-central China. The results show a wide variation in zircon δ¹⁸O values from −10.9 to 8.5‰. Most of the values are lower than normal mantle zircon and almost half have prominently negative values. The low δ¹⁸O zircons have protolith ages of 700 to 800 Ma and metamorphic ages of 205 to 250 Ma, respectively. Fluid availability within the metaigneous rocks dictates the extent of metamorphic recrystallization and overgrowth. The igneous zircons have preserved their magmatic zoning and middle Neoproterozoic U-Pb age during the Triassic metamorphism, indicating low fluid availability. Widespread low δ¹⁸O values are identified in the magmatic zircons of middle Neoproterozoic age, within an outcrop area of over 20,000 km² along the northern edge of the South China Block. The low δ¹⁸O zircons record the presence of large volumes of low δ¹⁸O igneous rocks that were derived from remelting of meteoric-hydrothermally altered rocks at some time between 700 and 800 Ma.The U-Pb ages for metaigneous protoliths and granites are correlated not only with the timing of rifting accompanying the breakup of Rodinia, but also with contemporary glacial deposits in the South China Block at paleolatitudes of 30 to 40°N. Melting of glacial ice and snow is suggested, instead of the direct involvement of meteoric water, to produce the low δ¹⁸O fluid with oxygen isotopic signatures like the cold-climate meteoric water. The rifting created conditions favorable to anatexis of meteoric-hydrothermally altered rocks. Glaciated regions supplied copious water for the water-rock interaction during magma emplacement along rifting zones. Both rifting and glaciation favored the generation of the low δ¹⁸O magmas in the region. The low δ¹⁸O zircons are thus interpreted to have crystallized from the low δ¹⁸O magmas of middle Neoproterozoic age, and onset of the generation of low δ¹⁸O magmas in the northern margin of the South China Block is estimated to occur at about 758 ± 15 Ma. The large-scale remelting of hydrothermally altered crust not only results from repetitive emplacement of mafic magmas along the rifting zones with protracted episodes of water-rock interaction, but also involves rift systems that rapidly introduce large volumes of fluid through confined pathways and traps in a short space of time in response to tectonic triggers. Occurrence of the large-scale ¹⁸O depletion during the middle Neoproterozoic may be a manifestation of the cold paleoclimate related to the snowball Earth event.     

燕辽地区火山热液型铀－金－多金属矿床成矿特征

燕辽地区位于华北地台北缘东段，是我国著名的中生代火山热液型铀、金、多金属矿床成矿区。研究结果表明，其成矿作用受统一的晚中生代大陆裂陷火山岩浆活动控制；成矿时代集中在晚侏罗世及早白垩世；成矿介质为火山岩浆水、变质水和大气水混合的中温、中低温火山热液；成矿物质主要来自富集型的上地幔及下地壳。     

雨滴谱仪与风廓线雷达反射率对比试验

针对风廓线雷达估算的反射率数据需要进行验证。开展雨滴谱仪与风廓线雷达反射率对比试验,通过两种不同探测设备观测数据的对比,以验证风廓线反射率数据的可靠性和可用性。结果表明:确定了以风廓线低模360~1440 m采样体积内的反射率与3 min雨滴谱反射率数据对比方法能最大程度的减少时空差异;在雨滴谱仪反射率小于40 dBz时,对应的风廓线雷达反射率数据是可靠和可用的;同时由于风廓线雷达有限的动态范围造成反射率低估的现象,使得风廓线雷达反射率在大气垂直结构以及微物理特性等方面应用受到一定的局限性。     

打造我国主体能源(煤炭)升级版面临的主要问题与对策探讨

加强我国富油煤合理开发对推进煤炭清洁高效利用、提升油气自主保障能力和实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。为查明陕北石炭–二叠纪煤田典型矿区富油煤赋存特征,基于煤炭勘查资料和样品测试结果,对比了可采煤层焦油产率变化特征,分析富油煤时空分布规律,探讨富油煤赋存影响因素。结果表明：可采煤层焦油产率均值呈北高南低趋势,古城矿区为9.22%~11.6%,府谷矿区为8.49%~11.02%,吴堡矿区为5.15%~6.89%;古城–府谷矿区主要发育富油煤,古城矿区富油煤分布以环带状为主,府谷矿区含油煤呈分散状发育于富油煤之间,吴堡矿区以含油煤为主、富油煤少量分布、高油煤不发育;府谷矿区7煤属富油–高油煤,其高油煤分布面积占比高达23%,且3、4、8煤中富油–高油煤分布面积占比均超过94%;随煤化程度升高,富油煤发育频率降低,中低阶煤分布区最有利于富油煤的赋存;煤焦油产率与活性组分、氢含量、灰成分中钙、镁、硫氧化物含量及镜惰比（V/I）、H/C原子比、挥发分产率呈正相关,与惰质组、石英、黏土矿物含量和灰分产率呈负相关;沉积环境的闭塞、还原和碱性程度越高,越利于富油煤生成和赋存。煤化程度、成煤物质、沉积环境和无机沉积作用共同影响着富油煤赋存特征。古城–府谷矿区富油煤资源潜力巨大,建议加强富油煤保护性开采和高效化利用。     

确定沉积岩成岩作用顺序的定量方法

本文从热力学基本定律出发，将复杂的成岩作用过程归结为各种不同的化学反应，从而建立了一套利用反应自由能定量确定成岩作用顺序的方法。该方法将沉积岩成岩作用历史研究从定性引向定量，使其更具理论依据，结果更可靠。利用本方法对国内外两个不同碎屑岩定量研究结果表明，这种方法获得的结果与传统方法的顺序完全一致，从而说明了该方法的良好实用性。     

人造导引星自适应光学的倾斜决定问题

本文从Zernike多项式出发 ,推导了激光导引星自适应光学倾斜校正的非等晕性方差 ,以其方差 1rad2 为判据 ,导出了倾斜等晕角的表达式 ,得出了与Parenti和Sasiela推导的相同的结果     

辽西地区中元古代变质岩系的初步研究

辽西地区中元古代变质表壳岩包括石英岩、千枚岩-片岩、大理岩及细粒长英质片麻岩和少量阳起石片岩,为中酸性火山活动及钙碱性玄武岩活动之后的海进型沉积旋回,显示出一套较为连续的火山-沉积系列。变质深成岩以斜长花岗质片麻岩为主体。根据同位素测年、微古植物化石分析及与地层的接触关系等,厘定它们为中元古代产物。在中元古代该区经历了大陆边缘岛弧的形成、发展过程。