我国石油地球物理勘探的回顾与展望

本文简述了中华人民共和国成立三十年以来石油地球物理勘探工作的发展过程。分阶段地介绍了在中国西部、东北和华北等地区工作时的技术成就和地质效果。也概要地介绍了作者对今后石油物探技术发展方向的看法。     

皖南祁门-歙县地区元古界变质岩地层原始构造环境和形变

1975年和1976年,作者和安徽省地质局332队宿立先、黄清涛同志先后观测了皖南的铺岭组和井潭组剖面,并将部分资料作过初步介绍。1977年作者又到现场观测和收集了牛屋组、板桥组、漳前组的有关资料。本文就是根据已收集的初步资料整理而成。研究地区元古界变质杂岩包括休宁组以前的地层。安徽省区域地质调查队将它分为漳前、板桥、木坑(环沙)、牛屋、邓家和井潭(铺岭)六个组分别归于震旦系和前震旦系(表1)。     

三分量磁饱和式磁力仪

本文概述了为青藏科考大地电磁测深工作研制的三分量磁饱和式磁力仪的原理、性能、用途和野外使用情况。 仪器的技术指标为:分辨率0.2伽（亻马）;灵敏度100毫伏/伽（亻马）;温度系数l伽（亻马）/℃;记录频带0-1.0赫兹;耗电量18瓦。 在青藏高原的地球物理考察中,用本仪器先后在藏南、藏北五个点进行了连续数月的野外地磁测量。从工作情况看,仪器工作正常,记录了一次完整的磁暴,为研究青藏高原地壳与上地幔的电性结构提供了一批有意义的资料。     

全隐伏变质岩系构造分析的几个问题

对于完全无露头的低-中级变质并多期变形的变质杂岩,由于变形复杂及地表全无露头,因而在进行构造分析时将会遇到许多困难。例如安徽霍丘群含铁岩系自进行普查勘探以来,迄今未作出肯定的构造解释。困难之处在于:(1)难于确定钻孔中各岩性层的产状及其变化;(2)难于找出连续、稳定的简单标志层。例如该群的不同组中都有类似的岩性层(碳酸岩、片岩、片麻岩)。     

Topographically forced three-wave quasi-esonant and non-resonant interactions among barotropic rossby waves on an infinnite beta-plane

In this paper, we first apply the assumption h = εh′ of topographic variation (h is the nondimensional topographic height and is a small parameter) to obtain nonlinear equations describing three-wave quasi-resonant and non-resonant interactions among Rossby waves for zonal wavenumbers 1—3 over a wavenumber-two bottom topography (WTBT). Some numerical calculations are made with the fourt-order Rung-Kutta Scheme. It is found that for the case without topographic forcing, the period of three-wave quasi-resonance (TWQR) is found to be independent of the zonal basic westerly wind, but dependent on the meridional wavenumber and the initial amplitudes. For the fixed initial data, when the frequency mismatch is smaller and the meridional wavelength is moderate, its period will belong to the 30–60-day period band. However, when the wavenumber-two topography is included, the periods of the forced quasi-resonant Rossby waves are also found to be strongly dependent on the setting of the zonal basic westerly wind. Under the same conditions, only when the zonal basic westerly wind reaches a moderate extent, intraseasonal oscillations in the 30–60-day period band can be found for zonal wavenumbers 1–3. On the other hand, if three Rossby waves considered have the same meridional wavenumber, three-wave non-resonant interaction over a WTBT can occur in this case. When the WTBT vanishes, the amplitudes of these Rossby waves are conserved. But in the presence of a WTBT, the three Rossby waves oscillate with the identical period. The period, over a moderate range of the zonal basic westerly wind, is in the intraseasonal, 30–60-Day range.     

涡度规则分布与非规则分布的转换

用一个β平面准地转正压模式积分１２个模式日,研究涡旋相互作用问题。初始场上有一个台风涡旋和一对涡旋偶极子,它们的等值线均为光滑、规则的分布。规则分布的涡旋之间的相互作用,可以激发出一个非规则的貌似混乱的涡度分布区域。随着时间的演化,在这个非规则分布的区域,一个相对有序的反气旋环流又逐渐显示出来。     

SOUTHERN BOUNDARY FORCING RELATIVE TO GENESIS, MAINTENANCE AND OSCILLATION OF A SUBTROPICAL HIGH*

A nonlinear critical layer and a Kelvin cat's eye excited thereupon are simulated through four schemes in the context of a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation model with forced stationary wave acting along the southern boundary to investigate effects of tropical steady forcing on the genesis,maintenance and oscillation of a subtropical high(STH).Evidence suggests that the southern forcing is responsible for the planetary quasi-steady anticyclonic Kelvin cat's eye-form flow field inside the nonlinear critical layer,with the eye shifting,vigor and shape changing quite similar to the behaviors of a summer STH,in striking contrast to the northern stationary forcing.As such,the southern boundary-caused cat's eye is likely to be an even more important mechanism for STH genesis and evolution.In addition,a physical mechanism is introduced for quasi-steady planetary wave moving through the critical layer at subtropical latitudes.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT BY SPACE-BORNE COMBINED RADAR-RADIOMETER

A retrieval method of microwave(MW)space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid watercontent by the combined radar-radiometer is suggested.A three-layer cloud model is chosen torepresent the typical stratified precipitating cloud.The retrieval method mainly follows ourpreviously suggested scheme with some modifications.Numerical comparative study shows that inspace-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined method is much betterthan by radar only;Also the retrieval accuracy of cloud liquid water content may be improvedwhen using the three-layer cloud model in the combined method.     

河西走廊东部甜菜含糖量预测模式

运用灰色系统理论中的关联度方法,分析影响武威黄羊镇糖厂含糖量的气象因素,并建立了不含导数项的线性静态模式。经残差修正后,预测精度达９８．１１％。     

中国地区大气气溶胶辐射强迫及区域气候效应的数值模拟

利用太阳直接辐射日总量和日照时数等多年观测资料,反演了中国地区大气气溶胶0.75 μm光学厚度的年、月平均值,分析了我国大气气溶胶状况的时空分布特征。据此,在中国区域气候模式中考虑气溶胶的辐射影响,模拟中国地区气溶胶直接辐射强迫的大小及气候响应的季节变化特征。计算结果表明: 我国大气气溶胶光学厚度多年平均分布状况是以四川盆地为大值中心向四周减少;长江中下游武汉附近和南疆盆地为另两个大值中心;青藏高原为气溶胶低值区;我国绝大部分地区春季气溶胶光学厚度值最大,各地气溶胶光学厚度最小值出现的季节则有所不同。气溶胶辐射强迫介于-5.3～-13 W/m2之间;辐射强迫具有春、夏季大,秋、冬季小,冬季南方偏大,夏季北方偏大的特征。气溶胶辐射强迫的分布与其光学厚度的分布基本一致。由于气溶胶的影响,中国大陆地区地面气温均有所下降,四川盆地到长江中下游地区以及青藏高原北侧到河套地区降温最为明显,分别可达-0.4℃和-0.5℃。气候响应具有明显的季节特征。地面气温的变化除与辐射强迫的大小有关外,还受大气环流的影响。