Beitrag zur Frage des Gleichgewichtes im System Düne-Strand-Vorstrand an der Ostseeküste

Zusammenfassung Faziesstudien an Abrasions-, Anlandungs- und stabilen Küsten der Ostsee lassen erkennen, daß der Zustand eines Küstenabschnittes abhängig ist von dem Verhältnis zwischen den Kornverteilungen des Vorstrandes, Strandes und der Düne. Zur Charakteristik der litoralen Sedimente wird der große Viertelgewichtsdurchmesser (Q₇₅) herangezogen, der sich aus der Summenkurve der Sandanteile ergibt. Die Kiese werden vernachlässigt, da sie anderen Transport-bedingungen unterliegen. Stabile Küsten, deren verschiedene Faziesbereiche sich im Gleichgewicht befinden, sind gekennzeichnet durch Zustandsquotienten Q₇₅-Strand/Q₇₅-Vorstrand>1 und Q₇₅-Strand/Q₇₅-Düne=1-1,4. Anlandungsküsten zeigen stets Werte zwischen 1,0 und 1,4, Abrasionsküsten Quotienten <1. Die Ermittlung des Zustandsquotienten erweist sich als eine einfache Methode zur Kennzeichnung stabiler und unstabiler Küstenbereiche der Ostsee.     

Velocity and abundance precisions for future high‐resolution spectroscopic surveys: A study for 4MOST

In preparation for future, large‐scale, multi‐object, high‐resolution spectroscopic surveys of the Galaxy, we present a series of tests of the precision in radial velocity and chemical abundances that any such project can achieve at a 4 m class telescope. We briefly discuss a number of science cases that aim at studying the chemo‐dynamical history of the major Galactic components (bulge, thin and thick disks, and halo) – either as a follow‐up to the Gaia mission or on their own merits. Based on a large grid of synthetic spectra that cover the full range in stellar parameters of typical survey targets, we devise an optimal wavelength range and argue for a moderately high‐resolution spectrograph. As a result, the kinematic precision is not limited by any of these factors, but will practically only suffer from systematic effects, easily reaching uncertainties <1km s^–1. Under realistic survey conditions (namely, considering stars brighter than r = 16 mag with reasonable exposure times) we prefer an ideal resolving power of R ∼20 000 on average, for an overall wavelength range (with a common two‐arm spectrograph design) of [395;456.5] nm and [587;673] nm. We show for the first time on a general basis that it is possible to measure chemical abundance ratios to better than 0.1 dex for many species (Fe, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Na, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Y, Ba, Nd, Eu) and to an accuracy of about 0.2 dex for other species such as Zr, La, and Sr. While our feasibility study was explicitly carried out for the 4MOST facility, the results can be readily applied to and used for any other conceptual design study for high‐resolution spectrographs. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Die Altersstellung der terrestren Wettiner Schichten bei Halle auf Grund sedimentpetrographischer Untersuchungen

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Schwermineralanalyse ist es möglich, die terrestren Schüttungen des Jungpaläozoikums im Gebiet des östlichen Harzvorlandes und um Halle zu gliedern. Als einheitliche Schichtserien erweisen sich einerseits die Mansfelder und andererseits die Wettiner und unterrotliegenden Zwischensediment-Schichten. Die Frage, ob die Grenze zwischen Mansfelder und Wettiner Schichten mit der Zeitgrenze Oberkarbon—Rotliegend zusammenfällt, wird offen gelassen.     

The solar photospheric abundance of zirconium

Zirconium (Zr), together with strontium and yttrium, is an important element in the understanding of the Galactic nucleosynthesis. In fact, the triad Sr‐Y‐Zr constitutes the first peak of s‐process elements. Despite its general relevance not many studies of the solar abundance of Zr were conducted. We derive the zirconium abundance in the solar photosphere with the same CO⁵BOLD hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere that we previously used to investigate the abundances of C‐N‐O. We review the zirconium lines available in the observed solar spectra and select a sample of lines to determine the zirconium abundance, considering lines of neutral and singly ionised zirconium. We apply different line profile fitting strategies for a reliable analysis of Zr lines that are blended by lines of other elements. The abundance obtained from lines of neutral zirconium is very uncertain because these lines are commonly blended and weak in the solar spectrum. However, we believe that some lines of ionised zirconium are reliable abundance indicators. Restricting the set to Zr II lines, from the CO⁵BOLD 3D model atmosphere we derive A (Zr) = 2.62 ± 0.06, where the quoted error is the RMS line‐to‐line scatter (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Resurrecting beach ridge archaeology: Parallel depositional records from St. Lawrence Island and Cape Krusenstern,Western Alaska

Archaeological sites on gravel beach ridge plains offer a treacherously facile method of reconstructing cultural chronology based on the assumption that settlements were preferentially situated nearest the sea. the initial phase of beach ridge methodology in Alaska dates from its 1930s use by Henry Collins at St. Lawrence Island and its 1950s use by Louis Giddings in Kotzebue Sound. Numerous questions of cultural and depositional chronology remain unresolved. At Gambell, on St. Lawrence Island, three sets of ridges span the period since about 2000 B.P., with a prominent disconformity after Punuk culture times at ca. 1100 B.P. Reviewing the ¹⁴C dates (n = 83) we find that the Gambell sequence (n = 50) broadly parallels that of Kotzebue Sound, especially in the similar erosional disconformity at 1200-1000 B.P., related to increased storminess in the North Pacific. the Cape Krusenstern sequence is only loosely constrained by ¹⁴C dates (n = 33) disproportionately concentrated on 7 of the 114 ridge fragments. the dating of early Choris culture is especially problematic, which seems to occur both before and after the Old Whaling culture, well-dated at 2900-2800 B.P. on the 53rd ridge. However, reanalyzing the depositional sequence, we find that some of the more easterly Choris ridges probably represent erosional events after the Old Whaling occupation.