Study of Metal Distribution in Raw and Screened Swine Manure

The growth of industrial swine production over the last few years has led to a growth in concern over effluents generated by the activity. Several elements, mainly toxic metals, can be present in swine wastewater and can have a serious environmental impact. It is important, therefore, to know the metal concentration before the discharge of wastewater. In this work the temporal metal distribution in swine manure and its potential reduction using coarse (2 mm) and fine (<0.45 μm) liquid‐solid separation techniques were investigated. In order to do this, different swine manure sample preparation methods for Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) were tested. The acid mixtures used to digest the manure sample significantly affected the metal recovery. Good analyte recoveries were observed with nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixtures or nitric acid/perchloric acid mixtures. Sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixtures produced inconsistent results and poor recoveries, mainly for Ba and Pb. It was observed that metal concentrations in swine manure varied greatly with time, up to one order of magnitude, due to changes in swine production such as feed and animal numbers. Metals concentrations observed in the raw wastewater exceeded Brazilian limits for discharge into water bodies and recommendations for agricultural use. Results obtained from the liquid‐solid separation study showed that metals in the raw swine manure were not removed with coarse screening. However, the major fraction of metals were removed by filtration (0.45 μm), with the exception of Na, K and Sr. Thus, the use of liquid‐solid separation techniques that capture the fine solid fractions (and associated metals) from raw manure can have a favorable impact on the environment and contribute to swine production wastewater treatment.     

MSCT评价小肠粪便征在小肠梗阻中出现的意义

目的:探讨小肠粪便征(SBFS)在小肠梗阻患者CT检查中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2017年2月至2019年2月期间76例小肠梗阻患者的影像学资料。所有患者均行256层CT增强检查,应用多种后处理成像方式分析获得病例的影像学资料。根据梗阻程度将病例分为轻度组、中度组及重度组。按梗阻的病因类型,分为粘连组、炎症组、肿瘤组、克罗恩病及疝气组。将每组中出现SBFS的病例归入其所在组阳性病例中,未出现SBFS的病例归入其所在组阴性病例中。详细记录每组阳性病例中SBFS的长径范围及其与梗阻移行带的关系。通过统计学分析,评估SBFS在不同分组中的差异。结果:选取的76例小肠梗阻患者中42例出现了SBFS,其中轻度组13例(17.1%)中出现SBFS 2例(15.4%);中度组25例(32.9%)中出现SBFS 16例(64.0%);重度组38例(50.0%)中出现SBFS 24例(63.2%)。选取的76例小肠梗阻患者中粘连组45例(59.2%)中出现SBFS 22例(48.9%);炎症组10例(13.2%)中出现SBFS6例(60.0%);肿瘤组8例(10.5%)中出现SBFS 5例(62.5%);克罗恩病组7例(9.2%)中出现SBFS 5例(71.4%);疝气组6例(7.9%)出现SBFS 4例(66.7%)。在各组阳性病例中,35例(83.3%)患者的SBFS能明确定位到梗阻移行带,其长轴范围约为4.5~22.1 cm,CT值范围约-215~9 HU。SBFS在中度组及重度组患者中出现率明显高于轻度组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SBFS在粘连组、炎症组、肿瘤组、克罗恩病组及疝气组出现的概率无明显差异,其差异不具备统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:SBFS能快速准确定位小肠梗阻患者的梗阻部位,节约诊断时间,为临床进一步诊疗提供帮助。     

基于主体功能区约束的大气污染物总量控制目标分配研究

考虑经济发展水平、污染物排放现状、污染物治理水平、空气质量,特别是国家主体功能区环境目标约束等因素,构建大气污染物排放总量分配的指标体系,用改进的等比例分配方法对2015年国家SO2,NOx总量控制目标进行区域分配。分配结果表明:SO2和NOx削减量大的省份主要集中在华北平原及其周围地区,这些地区污染物排放量大、空气质量较差;削减比例较大的地区主要集中在西部地区以及北京、天津2个直辖市,这些地区单位GDP能耗高、工业污染物去除率低、空气质量差;削减量相对较小的地区主要集中在西南和南部一些省份;削减比例较小的地区主要集中在中南部和南部几个省份,这些地区污染物排放量相对较少,空气质量好于其他省份。     

Characterizing groundwater/surface-water interactions in the interior of Jianghan Plain,central China

Hydrogeology Journal - Quantifying groundwater/surface-water interactions is essential for managing water resources and revealing contaminant fate. There has been little concern on the exchange...     

Research on Creep Deformation and Control Mechanism of Weak Surrounding Rock in Super Large Section Tunnel

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In order to solve the difficulties of creep deformation of surrounding rock in super large section tunnel, taking Letuan tunnel of Binlai expressway, a...     

一种改进的基于非高斯性最大化的预测反褶积算法

The predictive deconvolution algorithm （PD）, which is based on second-order statistics, assumes that the primaries and the multiples are implicitly orthogonal. However, the seismic data usually do not satisfy this assumption in practice. Since the seismic data （primaries and multiples） have a non-Gaussian distribution, in this paper we present an improved predictive deconvolution algorithm （IPD） by maximizing the non-Gaussianity of the recovered primaries. Applications of the IPD method on synthetic and real seismic datasets show that the proposed method obtains promising results.     

川西高原鲜水河断裂带炉霍-道孚段泥石流分布特征

鲜水河断裂带炉霍-道孚段泥石流沿断裂带呈线性分布,以中高频泥石流为主,过渡型、稀性居多.断裂带内岩体破碎,次级构造发育且活动性强烈使主河床呈阶梯状,为泥石流灾害发育提供了势能转化、物质补给与水力运输条件.研究区泥石流沟(Ksn约140 m0.9)分布在主河陡峭指数高处(Ksn约66 m0.9),且中下游泥石流沟与其入汇...     

Typhoon frequency sequence reconstruction and characteristics analysis in the Southeast Coastal Area over China during the Ming and Qing dynasties

Natural Hazards - This study involved the systematic collation of historical data from local records, government records, etc., as well as disaster data compiled by contemporary researchers....     

荧光淬灭剂TrueBlack Lipofuscin对珊瑚自体荧光的消除及其在免疫荧光标记中的应用

自体荧光是生物体内部组织成分在吸收光时自然发出的荧光,会影响人工标记荧光的有效识别,严重干扰对抗体标记的目的蛋白荧光的观察及数据分析,在珊瑚冰冻切片免疫荧光标记研究中尤为突显。为更有效地去除珊瑚组织切片中的自体荧光,本研究以共生模式种花伞软珊瑚（Xenia sp.）为研究对象,首次尝试在花伞软珊瑚冰冻切片免疫荧光染色中,使用一种在小鼠和人体组织切片中常用的TrueBlack Lipofuscin自体荧光淬灭剂,并与已有研究中的酒精梯度脱水法进行比较。结果表明,使用荧光淬灭剂TrueBlack Lipofuscin后,花伞软珊瑚组织切片中的自体荧光强度是传统的酒精梯度脱水法的52.4%,且在Cy5通道下效果最佳。同时,通过珊瑚免疫荧光标记实验表明使用TrueBlack Lipofuscin的实验组特异性荧光信号强度为对照组的205.3%,背景荧光和自体荧光基本去除。