山区年、月平均温度推算方法的研究

本文提出了山区年、月平均温度空间分布的推算方法,并提供了相应的小地形温度订正值。该方法在福建省沙溪流域山区实际应用的结果表明,能有效地揭示山区年、月平均温度空间分布的宏观与微观变化,效果满意,精度较高。     

Climatic study on the summer tropical easterly jet at 200 hPa

The low latitude easterlies at 200 hPa in summer (May-October) is analysed climatically during the 13-year period from 1968 to 1980, with a special emphasis on the relationship between the anomalous tropical easterly jet stream over South Asia and the low latitude atmospheric circulation, and also the summer monsoon precipitation in India. The compositing analysis shows that the tropical easterly jet stream over South Asia has five anomalous patterns at 200 hPa i.e. the western pattern, middle pattern, eastern pattern, two-branch pattern and multi-core pattern. Evidence has shown that the precipitaion in India anomalously increased during the anomalous period of the western pattern and the middle pattern, but reverse case is true in the eastern pattern. Some different anomalies of the precipitation in different area of India were found during the other two anomalous pattern.     

Medium-range oscillations in the summer tropical easterlies at 200 hPa

By the use of space-time spectral analysis and band-pass filter, some of the features of the medium-range Oscillations in the summer tropical easterlies (10oS-20o) at 200 hPa are investigated based on a two-year (1980 and 1982) wind (u, v) data set for the period from May to September. Space-time power spectral analysis shows that the total energy of the westward moving waves was the largest and that of the standing waves and eastward moving waves was relatively small in the 200 hPa easterlies; the total energy of the eastward moving waves was at minimum at 10oN. Three kind of the medium-range oscillations with about 50 day, 25 day and quasi-biweekly periods were found in the easterlies, which all show a remarkable interannual variation and latitudinal differences in these two years. The wave energy of zonal wind is mainly associated with the planetary waves (1-3), which all may make important contributions to the 50 day and 25 day oscillations in different years or different latitudes. The quasi-biweekly oscillation is mainly related to the synoptic waves (4-6). In equatorial region, the 50 day oscillation was dominant with a eastward phase propagation in 1982 while the dominant oscillation in 1980 was of 25day period with a westward phase propagations in 1980. Both of them are of the mode of zonal wavenumber 1. Strong westward 50 day oscillation was found in 10oN-20oN in these two years. Regular propagations of the meridional wind 50 day oscillation were also found in the easterlies.The 50 day and 25 day oscillation of zonal wind all demonstrate southward phase propagation over the region of the South Asia monsoon and northward phase propagation near interational date line, where are the climatic mean position of the tropical upper-tropospheric easterly jet and the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT), respectively.     

Fluid evolution in a slate-belt gold deposit

Auriferous quartz veins in the Hill End goldfield, NSW, Australia, comprise bedding-parallel vein sets and minor extension and fault-controlled veins which are hosted by a multiply deformed, Late Silurian slate-metagreywacke turbidite sequence. Fluid inclusions in quartz, either from bedding-parallel veins or from narrow, steeply N-dipping veins (‘leader’ veins) indicate a similar range in homogenisation temperatures (T_h) from 350°C to 110°C. Within this range, T_h data demonstrate five groupings in the temperature intervals 350–280°C, 280–250°C, 250–190°C, 190–150°C, and 150–110°C, corresponding to a variety of primary and secondary inclusions developed during five periods of vein growth under a generally declining temperature regime. Inclusion fluids are characterised by a low salinity of around 0.1 to 3.6 wt% NaCl equivalent. Laser Raman microprobe inclusion analysis indicates that gas-phase compositions relate to the paragenetic stage of the host quartz. H₂O_(g) and N₂ dominate in the primary inclusions from barren, Stage I quartz; CH₄ and CH₄ + H₂O_(g) are important in inclusions related to the early gold forming events (equivalent to Stages II and III quartz), but inclusions developed during the last episode of gold deposition are characterised by H₂O_(g), CO₂-rich and liquid-CO₂ bearing fluids. Precipitation of gold was aided by sulphidation reactions or phase separation in response to periods of vein opening. Late in the paragenesis, gold deposition may have been promoted by oxidation of the ore fluid.     

迭代法井间地震衍射层析成像

从各向同性非均匀介质中弹性波波动方程出发，导出了在弱不均匀条件下，频率－波数域衍射场方程，给出了格林函数解析解。在电磁波地球物理层析成像数据合成的基础上，用类“体电流法（ＶＣＭ）”，将解析解线性化，得到未作Ｂｏｒｎ近似或Ｒｙｔｏｖ近似的衍射场数值解，便于计算合成数据。采用迭代法进行反演，每步迭代中，采用等比Ｎｅｕｍａｎｎ级数解；反问题用ＳＶＤ法求解，探讨了阻尼因子的取法。数值模型试验表明，这种算法是有效和成功的，成像的分辨率较高，对介质的均匀性要求有所降低，为实际应用创造了进一步条件。     

多元素与大骨节病关系的稳定性研究

对内蒙古三个典型大骨节病区<15岁人群发中21个元素和病情进行了三年连续定期观察,统计分析结果表明:(1)病区食物对人体元素含量的影响可以分为二种情况,一是元素在食物链中含量过低,食物的变化虽可使机体该元素发生变化,但变幅甚小,致使其代谢处于缺乏状态;另一类是机体内这些元素的含量因食物的改变而发生较大变化,显示这些元素与病情无内在联系.(2)对发中硒等2l个元素与病情分别作单相关和多元逐步回归分析,结果证明,硒缺乏是导致大骨节病早期病变的基本因素,而其它元素与病情的关系具有不确定性.     

开敞水域中航槽流场的数值模拟

建立了一个模拟开敞水域中航槽流场的平面二维数学模型.利用该模型计算得到的流速分布与袁美琦、李安中等人试验值相吻合,并计算了相当于天然情况下(各种水深、挖深比及航槽与水流的不同交角)的流场,得到了各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽流速折减系数变化规律图,及各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽中流向与航槽轴线交角的变化规律图,为开敞水域中航槽选线设计提供了依据.     

竺可桢教授对地理学史研究的贡献

本文从探空史、气象学史、气候学史、物侯学史、军事地理学史、数理地理学史以及科学家评介、自然科学史理论等几个侧面,较为系统地论述了竺可桢教授在地理学史方面的贡献.以此纪念竺可桢教授逝世二十周年.