Distribution of dissolved species and suspended particulate copper in an intertidal ecosystem affected by copper mine tailings in Northern Chile

The coastline near Chañaral in Northern Chile is one of the most highly Cu-contaminated zones in the world due to discharges from mining activities for more than 60 years. The speciation of Cu has been studied to determine the importance of organic complexation in highly contaminated areas, and to assess the likely physiological impacts of Cu on marine organisms. Dissolved Cu concentrations of up to 500 nM were measured, completely saturating organic ligands and leading to free Cu²⁺ concentrations in excess of 10^− 8 M. These values are higher than those reported in any other marine environment, and because they occur over an extensive area, provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of Cu on marine ecosystems and to see how Cu behaves when its speciation is predominantly inorganic. We found strong gradients in free Cu²⁺ between Chañaral and adjacent areas with lower Cu, where speciation is dominated by organic complexation. There is also a significant increase in the partitioning of Cu onto suspended particles in the contaminated areas, consistent with previous studies that showed that organic ligands stabilize Cu in the dissolved phase, whilst “excess” Cu is rapidly scavenged. Those high dissolved Cu concentrations persist in spite of solid phase partitioning and advective processes along this open-ocean coastline, suggesting that Cu inputs into the system are still very large. Measurements were made using anodic stripping voltammetry with a thin mercury film coated with Nafion, which previous workers have shown can mitigate ambiguity in the data arising from inadvertent reduction of organic complexes. Our findings suggest that this is a useful methodology for contaminated systems.     

南极磷虾年龄组成的体长频数分布混合分析

本文依据１９８９／１９９０和１９９０／１９９１两个南极夏季在普里兹湾以北海域所获的拖网样品，应用分布混合分析方法，研究大磷虾种群的年龄结构。结果表明，种群内最多可能包括６个年龄：发年幼体，１＾＋，２＾＋，３＾＋，４＾＋和＾５＋龄虾。     

中国马尾藻属的研究Ⅲ.丛伞托序族

对中国马尾藻属，真马尾藻亚属，滑托组，丛伞托序族的种类进行系统研究。此族种类的主要特征是生殖托光滑，聚伞状排列在小校上，生殖托柄状部位都有生殖窝。多孢马尾藻是该族的非常特殊种类，它的分校和小分枝上密生刺和羽状分裂的藻叶。文中还报道了一个新种一长干马尾藻。模式标本产自广东省徐闻，还见于海丰。至今为止，丛伞托序族在中国共有两种。     

西沙群岛马尾藻科的研究Ⅰ

马尾藻类是重要的经济海藻。自古以来,我国劳动人民就以马尾藻作为药材和食品；近几年来,随着医药工业的发展,马尾藻类不仅越来越广泛地用在医药上,而且成为提取褐藻胶、甘露醇、碘和氯化钾的重要工业原料之一。因此,弄清这类海藻的种类、分布和资源情况是有效地开发、利用马尾藻类海藻的前提。西沙群岛地处我国海防前哨,海洋植物资源很丰富,马尾藻类种类也较多,为了更好地开发利用西沙群岛的海藻资源,使其为祖国的社会主义建设和工、农、兵服务,中国科学院海洋研究所曾于1957年,1958年,特别是无产阶级文化大革命后的1975年,1976年前后四次对西沙群岛的海藻进行了调査,收集了大量的标本。在此基础上,我们对西沙群岛的马尾藻科海藻进行了较为系统的研究，本文仅是这项研究任务的一部分,以后将陆续整理发表。     

东北区生态旅游资源的开发与保护

生态旅游作为一种新兴的旅游型式正显示出强大的发展势头,东北区作为我国生态旅游资源十分丰富的地区,以其分布的广泛性、类型的多样性、资源的独特性在旅游开发中具有一定的地位.该区应该从本身的资源特点出发,以保护为基础进行合理的开发.     

The Effect of Human Exclusion on the Population Structure of Key-Hole Limpets Fissurella crassa and F. limbata on the Coast of Central Chile

Abstract. We describe the basic ecology of two key-hole limpets, Fissurella crassa and Fissurella limbata , which are heavily harvested by coastal shellfishermen (mariscadores) at the rocky intertidal of central Chile. The ecological role of human predation on these species was assessed. Anthropic exclusion from a stretch of the rocky intertidal at Las Cruces (non-harvested area) for about two and a half years resulted in changes of the densities and size distributions of these fissurelid species as compared to populations in control zones (harvested area). Differential human predation generates, on key-hole limpets, responses of different intensities related to the accessibility of man to the mesohabitats (sheltered platforms, exposed platforms and vertical walls) and fringes of the intertidal (mid-low intertidal and Lessonia nigrescens fringe). Thus, size distributions and mean densities of both fissurelids differ widely between the harvested and non-harvested areas on both platform habitats but not on vertical walls. In the mid-low intertidal fringe, differences are greater than in the less accessible L. nigrescens intertidal fringe. Moreover, we discuss the way in which other species, directly harvested by mariscadores (i. e., the mollusc Concholepas concholepas) can affect the keyhole limpet populations of central Chile rocky shores. Finally, we highlight the ecological role of these limpets on the dynamics of intertidal ecosystems and how they can modify community landscape.     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类资源时空分布

为了解南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类十多年来的动态变化,在1992年研究基础上,于2003年度再赴南麂列岛对岩、沙相贝类进行了研究.本次调查鉴定出贝类105种,其中岩相93种、沙相12种,6种为南麂列岛新记录种,对岩相、沙相贝类组合的生态特征进行了分析,岩相多样性和均匀度指数(1.25~2.20和0.54~0.70)高于沙相的(0.23~0.95和0.17~0.94).岩相贝类数量为3025.70g/m2和2660个/m2,生物量垂直分布为低潮区最高(6471.99g/m2),中潮区居中(3772.09g/m2),高潮区最小(78.35g/m2),栖息密度为中潮区最大(4245个/m2),低潮区居中(2973个/m2),高潮区最小(439个/m2).沙相贝类数量为16.81g/m2和11个/m2,低潮区(29.43g/m2和11个/m2)大于中潮区(14.01g/m2和10个/m2).通过与以往资料比对发现,岩礁贝类数量有所增加,沙滩贝类数量则明显下降,监控区贝类数量明显多于其他区域,对贝类资源变化产生影响的相关因子作了分析探讨.     

中国南极长城湾及附近海区1993/1994年夏季表层水样无机氮、磷酸盐的浓度及其分布状况

1993／1994年南极夏季对中国南极长城湾及附近海区表层海水四种营养盐浓度及其分布状况作了调查。结果表明，NH4－N、NO3－N、NO2－N及PO4－P的大致浓度分别是2．13、7．07、0．74和1．12μg·dm-3。一般来说，湾内高于湾外氮盐于12月份常出现高值。四种形态的无机盐类之最高、最低浓度出现的时间和站位不尽一致。∑N／P递减次序大致是12月，2月，1月。水温变化与NH4－N、PO4－P浓度和∑N／P的变化常较一致，而与NO2－N则常不一，一些站位上营养盐浓度偏低可能与浮游植物摄取有关。结果显示了调研海区的浅水内湾特征。浮游植物所需营养充分。该湾仍维持正常状态。     

Vertical Sound Velocity Transition in the Coral Reef Core and Its Significance of Indicating Facies

On the basis of the sound velocity measurements of the coral reef core from Nanyong No.1 well of Yongshu Reef in the Nansha Islands,the paper studies the relations between the vertical sound velocity transition features in the coral reef core and the corresponding stratigraphic depositional facies change as well as stratigraphic gap of erosion,analyses the cause of the sound velocity transition,expounds the concrete process of the sea level change resulting in the stratigraphic gap of erosion and facies change in the coral reef and explains the relations between the vertical sound velocity transition in the coral reef core and the corresponding stratigraphic paleoclimate and the sea level change.This study is of important practical value and theoretical significance to the island and reef engineering construction and the acoustic logging for oil exploration in the reef limestone area as well as the paleoceanographic study of the marginal sea in the westerm Pacific Ocean.     

厦门地区软相潮间带多毛类的生态

根据厦门地区１９９０年２月至１９９２年１月调查软相潮间带所获资料，研究了该区多毛类的种类组成，数量与分布，结果表明，该区多毛类种类丰富，共鉴定出１１８种，隶属于３７科８３属。其中，高潮区４０种，中潮区９０种，低潮区８３种。多毛类平均栖息密度８７个／ｍ＾３，平均生物量３．３３ｇ／ｍ＾２。