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71.
Different downstream variation patterns were observed for a range of bed sediment-borne metals (aqua regia-extractable fraction) in a subtropical stream system receiving acid mine drainage. Mine-originated Fe tended to be deposited in the acidic (mean pH < 4.9) upstream reach in forms of goethite and/or hematite. In contrast, other metals tended to be transported farther downstream and settled in a low-gradient reach with high pH (mean pH > 5.6). The peak of sediment-borne Al, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Ni and Zn corresponded very well with the peak of the sediment-borne organic matter, suggesting a close association between the water-borne organic colloids and the inorganic metal oxides/hydroxides during their transport. The marked increase in the sediment-borne Al and Pb started more upstream than the other metals, suggesting that the water-borne Al and Pb were more susceptible to pH rise-induced precipitation, as compared to the other metals. It appeared that the organic colloids played no important role in Pb transport and settlement. The iron precipitates had a limited role to play in affecting the transport and fates of other metals since they were predominantly formed and deposited in the acidic reach, which made them incapable of scavenging cationic metals by co-precipitation or adsorption. 相似文献
72.
Ecological effects analysis of land use change in coal mining area based on ecosystem service valuing: a case study in Jiawang 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Land use change is one of the uppermost driving forces of regional ecosystem change, and has a huge impact on the environmental balance. Mining areas with intensive resources exploitation and utilization have undergone different kinds of environmental influences, such as water pollution and land use cover change. The extensive coal mining in China has led to significant regional land use change resulting in major ecological damage. The objective of this study was to form a clearer picture of the regional ecological environmental situation for promoting ecological protection and improvement by ecosystem service valuing. The case study area was selected at Jiawang town, which has undergone extensive coal mine exploitation for many decades. The study investigated the relationship between land use change and ecological environment, and described the ecosystem service value variations in Jiawang, based on remote sensing and GIS technology. After modification of regional ecosystem service value coefficients, the method was used to evaluate the conditions in the study area from 1990 to 2005 based on the land use/cover information interpreted from TM/ETM+ images. The characters and changes of ecosystem service values were then analyzed both quantitatively and spatially. 相似文献
73.
Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Suzhou City,China 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
Suzhou City, located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southeastern Jiangsu Province, is one of the few cities
in China which suffer from severe ground settlement. A research project was carried out to investigate this problem. Geological
and hydrogeological studies show that there is a multi-layered aquifer system with three distinct, soft mud layers of marine
and lagoonal origins. An examination of historical records of groundwater extraction, water levels, and ground settlement
shows that the ground subsidence is associated with the continuously increasing groundwater extraction in the deep, confined
aquifer. It is believed that the consolidation of the soft mud layers, especially the third layer which is thick and close
to the main pumped aquifer, contributes to the ground settlement. A three-dimensional finite difference numerical model representing
the multi-layered aquifer system was developed to study the ground settlement in response to groundwater extraction. By calibrating
the model with both the measured groundwater level and ground settlement, the aquifer parameters were estimated. The model
outputs fit reasonably well with the observed results, which indicates that the numerical model can reproduce the dynamic
processes of both groundwater flow and soil consolidation. The hydraulic conductivity of the third mud layer near the center
of the ground settlement has been reduced by over 30% in the last 14 years. The gradual deterioration in the hydraulic conductivity
of the mud may have significant adverse effect on the sustainable groundwater resource of the deep confined aquifer, since
the recharge from the shallow aquifers through the mud layer is the only source of water to the deep aquifer. An analysis
of the spatial distributions of groundwater drawdown and ground settlement shows that the area with maximum drawdown is not
necessarily the area with maximum ground settlement due to the occurrence of the soft mud layer. A simple reallocation in
pumping rates on the basis of the spatial distribution of the thick mud layer could significantly reduce the ground settlement.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
74.
榴辉岩中石英出溶体的拉曼光谱学研究及其构造意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用拉曼光谱学和费氏台方法对若干地区超高压榴辉岩中柯石英和榴辉岩中石英出溶体的超显微构造特征进行了研究.研究结果表明, 石榴石(或绿辉石) 中柯石英向石英相变是一个连续变化过程.绿辉石中石英出溶体和主晶具有一定的晶体学拓扑关系, 即石英出溶体长轴有两个展布方向: 平行于绿辉石(10 0) 裂理面和平行于绿辉石(- 10 1) 面.目前, 部分学者推断榴辉岩绿辉石中石英出溶体可作为超高压变质作用的标志.笔者认为, 棒状定向石英在绿辉石中出溶的温压条件和出溶机理尚未查明.因此, 需加强过量二氧化硅单斜辉石出溶机理的超高压实验研究, 从而为证实石英出溶体作为超高压标志提供实验定量约束. 相似文献
75.
气旋爆发性发展过程的动力特征及能量学研究 总被引:19,自引:3,他引:19
本文对不同路径的爆发性气旋进行了动力特征及能量学研究。发现高空大值位涡空气的下伸是气旋爆发性发展的一个重要条件。初生气旋逐渐向强位涡区移近并形成上下位涡区相接的形势。使气旋迅速发展。高空急流与气旋发展有密切关系。发展中的气旋明显地向着急流左侧的辐散区移动。急流的突然加强及高空强风动量的不断下传,构成了下层的强风带及上下一致的急流结构。能量学研究指出在气旋发展前气旋内散度风动能向旋转风动能的转换突然增强。散度风动能在爆发气旋发展时有明显增长。 相似文献
76.
77.
利用地震相识别优质烃源岩--以辽中凹陷沙三段为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用地震资料,在沙三段精细层位标定的基础上,进行辽中凹陷沙三段地震地层的追踪解释。根据优质烃源岩的定义及判识标准,即主要为一套富含有机质的中深湖相暗色泥岩沉积,识别出优质烃源岩地震相主要呈低频、连续、强反射特征。在地震相和沉积相分析的基础上,建立了辽中凹陷三个次洼优质烃源岩地震相-沉积相模式,并对辽中凹陷沙三段优质烃源岩进行了分布预测,研究表明辽中凹陷沙三段优质烃源岩在北洼分布范围较大,中洼次之,南洼分布最小;在辽中北洼,整个沙三段均有分布;在辽中凹陷中洼,优质烃源岩发育于沙三中亚段;在辽中凹陷南洼,主要发育于沙三段下部。 相似文献
78.
79.
苏北超基性岩某些超高压变质特征 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
苏北芝麻坊超基性岩体,位于大别—苏鲁超高压变质带东段的核心部位,与基性榴辉岩紧密伴生,是苏北最具代表性的岩体之一。根据多年来的成果资料,研究它的超高压变质特征,对研究整个苏鲁超高压变质带具有重大意义。对岩体的形态特征、岩相学特征、特别是矿物学特征,如镁铝榴石特征的研究,结合金刚石的选出,都有力的证实苏北超基性岩是在超高压变质环境下生成的,同时也反映其是由华北地块与扬子地块俯冲碰撞而从地壳深处挤压上来的幔源物质。 相似文献
80.
在沉积相综合分析基础之上,通过地震相分析的手段明确了东海陆架盆地南部中生界的沉积特征;结合古地理背景分析,建立了该区侏罗纪和白垩纪的沉积模式。侏罗纪时雁荡低凸起和瓯江凹陷均未形成,闽江凹陷和基隆凹陷连为一体,物源来自浙闽隆起区,发育滨浅海沉积体系,火山作用较为强烈。白垩纪晚期-古新世,随着太平洋板块俯冲角度的加大,浙闽隆起区发生裂陷,雁荡低凸起形成。西部的瓯江凹陷沉积了一套陆相的冲积扇-河流-三角洲-湖泊沉积体系;由于此间台北低凸起尚未起到分割作用,东部的闽江凹陷与基隆凹陷仍然连为一体,物源来自浙闽隆起带和台北水下火山岩带,发育滨浅海沉积体系,火山作用影响强烈。 相似文献