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401.
This paper gives an account of the main historical episodes which influenced settlement patterns in the Maltese Islands. It covers the period from early colonization, when mankind first set foot on the islands, through the Middle Ages, the arrival of the Knights and the effect this had on the local economy, to the period under the British Crown and the years prior Independence. Special reference is made to the main island, and the factors which had a significant influence on population movements.  相似文献   
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This paper shows the importance that urban planning plays in the development of Hong Kong. This leads to a reassessment of the role of the government, which is the sole proprietor of the land, in the economy – while it acknowledges the importance of market forces. The first part shows how, since 1945, Hong Kong authorities have been obliged to intervene more in urban planning and local development, despite their liberal ideology. The second part focuses on the interaction between government action and market forces, and their influence in this development. The third part deals with the question of the economic integration between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) after China started its economics reforms in 1978. The deconcentration of Hong Kong industries to China was mainly due to market forces, but provided a new role for the government. This role is analyzed through its transportation policy – the domain with the most visible governmental intervention before and after 1997. It indicates the preference of the government to develop the territory rather than better integration with the PRD, because of the internal economic problems that may emerge from this integration. Nevertheless, for political and economic reasons, this integration is also seen as necessary. The future of Hong Kong’s economy lies in the answers the authorities will give to this dilemma.  相似文献   
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As coastal catchment land use intensifies, estuaries receive increased nutrient and sediment loads, resulting in habitats that are dominated by muddy organic-rich sediments. Increased mud (i.e. silt-clay (particles <?63 μm)) content has been associated with negative effects on soft sediment biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but the simultaneous impact of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem response is unclear. Nutrient recycling and denitrification in estuarine soft sediments represent important ecosystem functions regenerating nutrients for primary producers and regulating the ability to remove excess terrestrially derived nitrogen. To test the effect of sedimentary environment on ecosystem resilience to nutrient perturbation, we experimentally enriched sediments with slow release fertiliser across an intertidal sedimentary gradient (0–24% mud content). The enrichment successfully elevated pore water ammonium concentrations (median 36?×?control) to levels representative of enriched estuaries. Findings show that the sedimentary environment can influence ecosystem function response to nutrient stress. In particular, denitrification enzyme activity was suppressed by nutrient enrichment, but the effect was greater as sediment mud content increased. Furthermore, compared with sandy sediments, sediments with high mud content may restrict nutrient processing (release, uptake or transformation of organic nutrients by the benthos) facilitating ecosystem shifts toward eutrophication. These results show the value of investigating the impacts of stressors in different environmental settings and demonstrate that land use practices that increase the proportion of muddy habitats in estuaries may reduce denitrification which in turn may reduce ecosystem resilience to eutrophication.  相似文献   
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Abstract— Synthetic MgSiO3 glasses were irradiated at room temperature by 300 keV electrons in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). One of the samples had been previously irradiated by 50 keV He+ ions. Electron irradiation induces the nucleation and growth of randomly oriented nanometer‐sized crystallites. The crystallites first consist of MgO and subsequently of forsterite (Mg2SiO4). Both are seen to form within an amorphous SiO2 matrix. The rate of crystallization of the samples has been monitored by conventional TEM imaging and electron diffraction. The sample that had been pre‐irradiated with He+ ions is found to transform faster than the as‐quenched glass. The crystallization of metastable MgSiO3 glasses is explained by ionizing radiation‐induced elemental diffusion that allows the reorganization of matter into a more favourable thermodynamic state. These results show that ionizing radiation interactions could account for crystal formation as observed in infrared spectroscopy in some young stellar environments.  相似文献   
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Ma  Zhiwei  Kim  Yong Do  Volkov  Oleg  Durlofsky  Louis J. 《Mathematical Geosciences》2022,54(8):1261-1287
Mathematical Geosciences - Machine-learning-based proxy models are often used to replace many of the flow simulations required in optimizations of subsurface flow processes. Because the optimizer...  相似文献   
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Résumé Au colloque de Paris (1970) sur les Microseismes (MS) l'auteur a formulé les principes d'une théorie qui montre le rôle important, dans la génération des MS, joué par les houles croisées et donc par les variations de la direction du vent sur la mer, l'effect sélectif de la réflexion de la houle par une côte, la réfraction de la houle, le filtrage des houles arrivant à la côte par effet des petits fonds, la vitesse de propagation de la houle, généralement plus grande que celle des cyclones, le diagramme de rayonnement des sources, et par conséquent par la bathymétrie comme par la morphologie des côtes proches de la zone de génération.Des cas concrets de MS bien étudiés en fonction des circonstances météorologiques et océanographiques illustrent et justifient les principes originaux de cette théorie, en particulier ceux qui font l'objet des travaux dont les titres indiqués dans la bibliographie, concernent les MS classiques de la bande de périodes de 2 à 18 secondes.
Summary During the Symposium on microseisms of Paris (Sept. 1970), the author has formulated the principles of a theory which shows the leading part taken in the generation of microseisms by: Swells more or less crossed and therefore by changes in the direction of the wind; Selective effects of the reflection of the sea waves; The filtering of the components of the swell when it arrives on small depths; The speed of the swell generally faster than the cyclone; The diagram of radiance sources, and, consequently, by the bathymetry and the morphology of the coasts.Three concrete cases illustrate and justify the theory. They are well described in the papers quoted in References.
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